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forensic osteo > Sex, age, ancestry, stature > Flashcards

Sex, age, ancestry, stature Flashcards

1
Q

How many years before do females growth stop compared to males?

A

2 years

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2
Q

epiphyseal union most useful in adolescents especially ?

A

10 - 20 years

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3
Q

mandible fuses at?

A

9 months

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4
Q

4 methods to age skeleton?

A

pubic symphysis
sternal end of 4th rib
cranial suture closure
changes in auricular surface of pelvis

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5
Q

who created the cranial suture closure?

A

meindl and lovejoy 1985

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6
Q

pubic symphysis casts were made by ?

A

brooks-suchey

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7
Q

why are teeth really good?

A

because its “indestructible”
genetic
and susceptible to bacterial growth

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8
Q

how long does it take for teeth to apexify?

A

2 years

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9
Q

which tooth root apexifys at 23-24 years?

A

3rd molar

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10
Q

sex morphologically the female pelvis

A

sharp ishio-pubic ramus
sub pubic angle wider than 90 degrees
the auricular surface is textured due to ligaments of pregnancy therefore pre-auricular surface ALWAYS present in females
greater sciatic notch is wide in females
paturation pits present on the dorsal surface of the public bone

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11
Q

sex male pelvic bone

A

sciatic notch J shaped and quiet narrow,
pubic angle less than 90 degrees
broad ishio-pubic ramus

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12
Q

Terry collection used femur heads to determine sex?? definite female? and definite male?

A

male > 47.5

females

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13
Q

sex skull for male?

A 
larger supraorbital ridges
prominent labella
nuchal region developed due to larger muscle markings
mastoid process larger
bilobate chin
upper boarder of orbits blunt
and palate broad
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14
Q

sex skull for female

A 
unilobate chin
palate narrow
small supraorbital ridges
frontal bone vertical 
sharp upper boarder of orbits narrow zygomatic arches
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15
Q

is the difference between populations larger than within?

A

no within populations is larger at almost 95%

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16
Q

morphological assessment of ancestry for aboriginals

A

presence of keeling due to the tempolaris muscle more developed due to their chewing
orbits are rectangular
supraorbital ridges are really well developed
broad nasal bones
prominent glabella
zygomatic bones - project forward

17
Q

caucasoid morpholigal ancestry?

A 
keeling absent
orbits are droopy
nasal margin sharp
nasal bones narrow
glabella - flat
supraorbital ridges smaller
narrow inter-orbits
zygomatic bones - retreat
18
Q

mongo morphological ancestry?

A 
orbits are circular
inter orbits are wide
glabella is depressed
nasal bones - wide at base
zygomatic bones - project forward
palate size wide
no keeling present
broad mandible
19
Q

DFA - giles and elliot 1962 did what?

A

used 8 measurements from skull

sex had to be known

20
Q

who has smaller trunk but longer limbs?

A

aborignals

21
Q

who has longer trunk but smaller limbs?

A

caucosoids

22
Q

who has longer proximal segments and who has longer distal segments

A

proximal - caucasoids

distal - aboriginal

23
Q

Brachial index is:

A

forearm to upper arm

so the larger the value it means forearm is longer than humerus

24
Q

crural index is:

A

lower leg to thigh

25
Q

shaft robusticity index is

A

robusticity of the femur

26
Q

how much of height is environmentally determined and how much is genetics?

A

10% and 90%

27
Q

fully method?

A

9 measurements used

  1. basion-bregma
  2. c2
  3. c3 - c7
  4. t1 - t12
  5. l1 - l5
  6. s1
  7. femur
  8. tibia
  9. talus-calcaneus
    - takes into account soft tissue so little error
28
Q

Trotter and glesser

A

need to know sex and ancestry
use formula with the lowest error
and give answers with 2 SEs

29
Q

what was the problem with trotter and glessers formula

A

1952 didn’t include malleolus but the 1958 did?

30
Q

problems with stature estimation?

A
  • people usually add 5cm
  • methods vary
  • Time of day affects height measurements
  • No formula for mixed race
31
Q

Secular changes?

A

people now stop growing at 23 instead of 18

and and british males on average are 11cm taller than mid-19th century

forensic osteo (4 decks)

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