Sex, age, ancestry, stature Flashcards
How many years before do females growth stop compared to males?
2 years
epiphyseal union most useful in adolescents especially ?
10 - 20 years
mandible fuses at?
9 months
4 methods to age skeleton?
pubic symphysis
sternal end of 4th rib
cranial suture closure
changes in auricular surface of pelvis
who created the cranial suture closure?
meindl and lovejoy 1985
pubic symphysis casts were made by ?
brooks-suchey
why are teeth really good?
because its “indestructible”
genetic
and susceptible to bacterial growth
how long does it take for teeth to apexify?
2 years
which tooth root apexifys at 23-24 years?
3rd molar
sex morphologically the female pelvis
sharp ishio-pubic ramus
sub pubic angle wider than 90 degrees
the auricular surface is textured due to ligaments of pregnancy therefore pre-auricular surface ALWAYS present in females
greater sciatic notch is wide in females
paturation pits present on the dorsal surface of the public bone
sex male pelvic bone
sciatic notch J shaped and quiet narrow,
pubic angle less than 90 degrees
broad ishio-pubic ramus
Terry collection used femur heads to determine sex?? definite female? and definite male?
male > 47.5
females
sex skull for male?
larger supraorbital ridges prominent labella nuchal region developed due to larger muscle markings mastoid process larger bilobate chin upper boarder of orbits blunt and palate broad
sex skull for female
unilobate chin palate narrow small supraorbital ridges frontal bone vertical sharp upper boarder of orbits narrow zygomatic arches
is the difference between populations larger than within?
no within populations is larger at almost 95%
morphological assessment of ancestry for aboriginals
presence of keeling due to the tempolaris muscle more developed due to their chewing
orbits are rectangular
supraorbital ridges are really well developed
broad nasal bones
prominent glabella
zygomatic bones - project forward
caucasoid morpholigal ancestry?
keeling absent orbits are droopy nasal margin sharp nasal bones narrow glabella - flat supraorbital ridges smaller narrow inter-orbits zygomatic bones - retreat
mongo morphological ancestry?
orbits are circular inter orbits are wide glabella is depressed nasal bones - wide at base zygomatic bones - project forward palate size wide no keeling present broad mandible
DFA - giles and elliot 1962 did what?
used 8 measurements from skull
sex had to be known
who has smaller trunk but longer limbs?
aborignals
who has longer trunk but smaller limbs?
caucosoids
who has longer proximal segments and who has longer distal segments
proximal - caucasoids
distal - aboriginal
Brachial index is:
forearm to upper arm
so the larger the value it means forearm is longer than humerus
crural index is:
lower leg to thigh
shaft robusticity index is
robusticity of the femur
how much of height is environmentally determined and how much is genetics?
10% and 90%
fully method?
9 measurements used
- basion-bregma
- c2
- c3 - c7
- t1 - t12
- l1 - l5
- s1
- femur
- tibia
- talus-calcaneus
- takes into account soft tissue so little error
Trotter and glesser
need to know sex and ancestry
use formula with the lowest error
and give answers with 2 SEs
what was the problem with trotter and glessers formula
1952 didn’t include malleolus but the 1958 did?
problems with stature estimation?
- people usually add 5cm
- methods vary
- Time of day affects height measurements
- No formula for mixed race
Secular changes?
people now stop growing at 23 instead of 18
and and british males on average are 11cm taller than mid-19th century
