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Civil Engineering Terms > Sewer > Flashcards

Sewer Flashcards

1
Q

Aerobic

A

A process in which dissolved oxygen is present.

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2
Q

Anaerobic

A

A process in which dissolved oxygen is not present.

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3
Q

Appurtenance

A

Machinery, appliances, structures and other parts of the main structure necessary to allow it to operate as intended, but not considered part of the main structure.

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4
Q

Attenuation

A

The reduction in magnitude/ intensity/ concentration of a substance dispersed in a liquid medium.

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5
Q

Average dry weather flow

A

The average non‐storm flow over 24 hours during the dry months of the year. It is composed of the average sewage flow and the average dry weather inflow/infiltration.

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6
Q

Average wet weather flow

A

The average flow over 24 hours during the wet months of the year on days when rainfall occurred on that or the preceding day.

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7
Q

Base flow

A

The portion of the wastewater flow, including inflow and infiltration, that corresponds to the minimum flow recorded in a sewer. It typically equates to the “minimum night flow” concept in water distribution systems.

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8
Q

Blockage

A

A deposit in a sewer resulting in restriction or stopping of flow.

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9
Q

Branch sewer

A

A sewer that receives wastewater from a relatively small area and discharges into a main sewer.

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10
Q

Bulk main

A

See collector main.

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11
Q

Bypass

A

A pipe, valve, gate, weir, trench or other device designed to allow all or part of the wastewater flow to be diverted from the usual channels or flow. It provides an alternative route for the wastewater whilst the facility or device is being maintained.

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12
Q

Cesspool

A

A covered watertight tank used for receiving and storing sewage from premises which cannot be connected to the public sewer and where conditions prevent the use of a small sewage treatment works, including a septic tank.

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13
Q

Cleanout

A

An access opening (usually covered or capped) in a wastewater collection system used for inserting tools, rods or snakes while cleaning a pipeline or clearing a blockage. It remains permanently accessible after completion of the drainage installation.

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14
Q

Cleaning eye

A

See Cleanout.

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15
Q

Collection system

A

A network of pipes, manholes, cleanouts, traps, siphons, lift stations and other structures used to collect all wastewater from an area and transport this to a treatment plant.

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16
Q

Collector main

A

In collection systems, this is a larger pipe in which smaller branch and sub main sewers are connected.

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17
Q

Collector sewer

A

The intermediate sized pipelines that convey the effluent from the reticulation to the main outfall sewers. These are usually in sizes ranging from 150 to 450 mm in diameter

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18
Q

Combined sewer system

A

A wastewater collection and treatment system where domestic and industrial wastewater is combined with storm runoff.

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19
Q

Conservancy tank

A

A covered tank that is used for the reception and temporary retention of sewage and that requires emptying at intervals.

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20
Q

Debris

A

Any material in wastewater found floating, suspended, settled or moving along at the bottom of a sewer. This material may cause blockage or settle out in a sewer.

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21
Q

Detention

A

The process of collecting and holding back storm water or combined sewage for delayed release to receiving waters.

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22
Q

Discharge

A

The release of wastewater or contaminants to the environment. A direct discharge of wastewater flows from a land surface directly into surface waters, while an indirect discharge of wastewater flows into surface waters by way of a wastewater treatment system.

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23
Q

Diversion structure

A

A type of regulator that diverts flow from one pipe to another.

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24
Q

Domestic wastewater

A

Human‐generated sewage that flows from homes and businesses.

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25
Q

Drain

A

A conduit, generally underground, designed to carry wastewater and/or surface water from a source to a sewer; a pipeline carrying land drainage flow or surface water from roads.

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26
Q

Drop manhole

A

A mainline or house service line lateral entering a manhole at a higher elevation than the main flow line or channel.

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27
Q

Dry well

A

A dry room or compartment in a lift station, near or below the water level, where the pumps are located.

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28
Q

Effluent

A

Treated water, wastewater or other liquid flowing out of a treatment facility.

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29
Q

Extraneous flow

A

Water entering the sewer from sources other than intended water used and wasted, or leaking, at source (e.g. storm water and groundwater infiltration). Extraneous flows make up most of the base flow in most sewers.

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30
Q

Exfiltration

A

Liquid wastes and liquid‐carried wastes which unintentionally leak out of a sewer pipe system and into the environment via cracks or malfunctioning pipe joints.

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31
Q

Force main

A

A pipe that carries wastewater under pressure from the discharge side of a pump to a point of gravity flow downstream. Also called pressure main.

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32
Q

French drain

A

A conventional absorption field that comprises a trench that is filled with suitable material and that is used for the disposal of liquid effluent from a septic tank or waste water.

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33
Q

Grease

A

In a sewer collection system, grease is considered to be the residues of fats, detergents, waxes, free fatty acids, calcium and magnesium soaps, mineral oils and certain other nonfatty material which tend to separate from water and coagulate as floatables or scum.

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34
Q

Grease trap

A

A device that is designed to cool down incoming hot waste water to below 30ºC, to enable grease and fat to separate from the water and to solidify at the surface level of the waste water, and that prevents grease and fat from entering the sewer (also referred to as a grease interceptor).

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35
Q

Grey water

A

Wastewater from the bath, shower and possibly the washing machine that is “less polluted” than waste from the other sources (e.g. the toilet and kitchen sink).

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36
Q

Grit

A

The heavy mineral material present in wastewater such as sand, coffee grounds, eggshells and gravel. Grit tend to settle out a flow velocities below 0,6 m/s and accumulates in the invert of the pipe.

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37
Q

Grit trap

A

A permanent structure built into a manhole (or other convenient location in the collection system) for the accumulation and removal of grit.

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38
Q

Ground water infiltration

A

Infiltration of groundwater (that typically enters the sewerage system through pipe defects located below the normal groundwater table).

39
Q

Gully

A

A pipe fitting that incorporates a trap into which waste water is discharged and that is normally connected to a drain.

40
Q

Hydraulic grade line (HGL)

A

The surface or profile of water flowing in an open channel or a pipe flowing partially full. If a pipe is under pressure, the HGL is at the level water would rise to in a small tube connected to the pipe.

41
Q

Infiltration

A

The ingress or seepage of groundwater into a drain or sewer system through defects in pipes, joints or manholes.

42
Q

Inflow

A

Water discharged into a sewer system and service connections from such sources as, but not limited to, roof leaders, yard and area drains, around manhole covers or through holes in the covers, surface runoff etc. Inflow differs from infiltration in that it is a direct discharge into the sewer rather than a leak in the sewer itself.

43
Q

Inspection chamber

A

A chamber not deeper than 1 m and of such dimensions that permanent access may be obtained to a drain without a person being required to enter into such a chamber.

44
Q

Interceptor sewer

A

A sewer that receives flow from a number of other large sewers or outlets and conduits the waters to a point for treatment or disposal.

45
Q

Invert

A

The bottom of the inside of a pipe.

46
Q

Lag

A

An interval of time before additional flow enters the system.

47
Q

Lateral sewer

A

A sewer that discharges into a branch or other sewer and has no other common sewer tributary to it. It is also sometimes called a “street sewer” because it collects wastewater from individual houses.

48
Q

Lift station

A

A wastewater pumping station that lifts the wastewater to a higher elevation usually discharging into a downstream gravity sewer.

49
Q

Load

A

Any matter transported by the flow in sewers (typically this would be sewage).

50
Q

Main sewer

A

This is a larger pipe in which smaller branch and submain sewers are connected. It may also be called a trunk sewer.

51
Q

Manhole

A

A chamber of depth exceeding 750 mm and of such dimensions that a person can enter such chamber to obtain access to a drain.

52
Q

Offset

A

A combination of elbows or bends which brings one section of a line of pipe out of line with, but into a line parallel with, another section.

53
Q

Outfall

A

The point, location, or structure where wastewater or drainage discharges from a sewer, drain or other conduit.

54
Q

Outfall sewer

A

A sewer that receives wastewater from a collecting system or from a treatment plant and carries it to a point of final discharge. These are usually from 450 mm in diameter and larger

55
Q

Overflow manhole

A

A manhole which fills and allows raw wastewater to flow out onto the street or environment.

56
Q

Peak dry weather flow (PDWF)

A

The peak non‐storm flow during the dry months of the year. It is composed of the peak sewage flow and the peak dry weather inflow/infiltration.

57
Q

Peak wet weather flow (PWWF)

A

The peak flow during the wet months of the year on days when rainfall occurred on that or the preceding day.

58
Q

Pig

A

Refers to a poly pig which is a bullet‐shaped device made of hard rubber or similar material used for cleaning of sewer lines.

59
Q

Plumbing

A

The system of pipes and fittings required for the sanitation of a building (to the stand boundary where the plumbing joins the sewer)

60
Q

Pumping station

A

This is usually an underground structure that the sewage is discharged into. The types vary but in smaller systems these comprise of a wet well, into which the sewage is discharged, and the wet well also houses submersible pumps which pump the sewage to its destination. In a larger station there may be a separate dry well, adjacent to the wet well, which houses the pumps. On some pumping stations the pumps may be housed above ground near the wet well.

61
Q

Raw sewage

A

Untreated wastewater.

62
Q

Regulator

A

A structure that controls the flow of wastewater from two or more input pipes (trunk lines) to a single output (usually a larger interceptor line). Regulators can be used to restrict or halt flow, thus causing wastewater to be stored in the conveyance system until it can be handled by the treatment plant.

63
Q

Relief sewer

A

A sewer built to carry flows in excess of the capacity of an existing sewer

64
Q

Reticulation

A

This is the smallest element of a sanitation system and consists of the small diameter pipelines that convey the effluent from the individual properties and along streets. They are usually in sizes ranging from 100 to 225 mm in diameter.

65
Q

Rising main

A

See Force main.

66
Q

Rodding eye

A

A permanent access opening to the interior of a drainage installation that permits full‐bore access to the interior of a drain for internal cleaning, but does not include an inspection eye or manhole.

67
Q

Sanitation system

A

In the context of this guide all the components including the pipelines that convey sanitary waste water away from where it is generated to the outfall works where it is treated and purified before it is discharged into the natural watercourses.

68
Q

Screen

A

A large sieve used for the purpose of trapping the load in sewage.

69
Q

Sediment

A

Solid material settled from suspension in a liquid.

70
Q

Sedimentation

A

The process of settling and depositing of suspended material carried by wastewater. Sedimentation usually occurs by gravity when the velocity of the wastewater is reduced below the point at which it can transport the suspended material.

71
Q

Septic tank

A

An underground tank used for the deposition of domestic wastes. Bacteria in the wastes decompose the organic matter, and the sludge settles to the bottom. The effluent flows through drains into the ground. Sludge is pumped out at regular intervals.

72
Q

Sewage

A

Waste water, soil water, industrial effluent and other liquid waste, either separately or in combination, but excluding storm water. Usually classified as waste water derived from human communities – toilet, bathroom and kitchen waste.

73
Q

Sewer

A

A pipe or conduit that is the property of the local authority and that is used for the conveyance of sewage.

74
Q

Sewer gas

A

Gas in collection sewer lines that result from the decomposition of organic matter in the wastewater. When testing for gases found in sewers, test for lack of oxygen and also for explosive and toxic gases.

75
Q

Sewer main

A

A sewer pipe to which building laterals are connected.

76
Q

Sewer system

A

Collectively, all of the property involved in the operation of a sewer utility. It includes land, wastewater pipes, pumping stations, treatment plants, and general property. It may also be called sewerage or wastewater system.

77
Q

Sewerage

A

System of piping with appurtenances for collecting, moving and treating wastewater from source to end discharge.

78
Q

Silt trap

A

See grit trap. Also called sand trap.

79
Q

Siphon

A

A pipe or conduit through which water will flow above the HGL under certain conditions. Siphons also called depressed sewers are designed to carry flow underneath an obstruction and to regain as much pressure head as possible after the obstruction has been passed.

80
Q

Sludge

A

The suspended matter in industrial effluent or sewage remaining after partial drying.

81
Q

Sludge removal

A

This is the process of removing sludge from treatment systems or tanks and can be carried out manually or automatically.

82
Q

Soffit

A

The top of the inside of a pipe.

83
Q

Storage

A

A method for controlling combined sewer overflows by storing the combined sewage until the rainstorm subsides, then releasing it back into the conveyance system to be treated at the usual treatment plant.

84
Q

Sullage

A

Wastewater emanating from baths, kitchen sinks, laundries and showers.

85
Q

Surcharge

A

Sewers are surcharged when the supply of wastewater to be carried is greater than the capacity of the pipes to carry the flow. The surface of the wastewater in manholes rises above the top of the sewer pipe and the sewer is under pressure or a head.

86
Q

Surcharged manhole

A

A manhole in which the rate of wastewater flow entering the manhole is greater than the capacity of the outlet under gravity conditions. When the wastewater level in the manhole is higher than the top of the outlet pipe the manhole is said to be “surcharged”

87
Q

Suspended solids

A

Small particles of organic or inorganic materials that float on the surface of, or are suspended in, sewage or other liquids and which cloud the water. The term may include sand, mud, and clay particles as well as waste materials.

88
Q

Terminal manhole

A

A manhole that is placed at the upstream end of a sewer and having no inlet pipe.

89
Q

Trunk main

A

See Collector main.

90
Q

Trunk sewer

A

This is a larger pipe in which smaller branch and submain sewers are connected. It may also be called a main sewer.

91
Q

Wastewater

A

A community’s used water and water‐carried solids that flow to a treatment plant. Storm water, surface water and groundwater infiltration may also be included in the term wastewater. The term “sewage” usually refers to household wastes.

92
Q

Waterborne

A

Transported by water.

93
Q

Wet well

A

A compartment or tank in which wastewater is collected. The suction pipe of a pump may be connected to the wet well or a submersible pump may be placed inside the wet well.

Civil Engineering Terms (4 decks)

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