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Conservation of biodiversity > Seven Important Ecosystems > Flashcards

Seven Important Ecosystems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the seven important ecosystems

A
  • Temperate broadleaf woodland
  • Tropical rainforests
  • Tropical coral reefs
  • Deep water coral reefs
  • Oceanic islands
  • Mangroves
  • Antarctica
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2
Q

What are the features of temperate broadleaf woodlands

A
  • Regular water supply
  • Summers not very hot
  • Winters not very cold
  • Seasonality
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3
Q

What is the importance of temperate broadleaf woodlands

A
  • High biodiversity
  • Resources
  • Climate control
  • Soil erosion
  • Recreational areas
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4
Q

What are the threats to temperate broadleaf woodlands

A
  • Deforestation for other land use & for timber
  • Fragmentation of remaining woodland
  • Management change
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5
Q

How can temperate broadleaf woodlands be conserved

A
  • Designated protected areas
  • Legal protection of ancient woodland in the UK
  • Conservation management
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6
Q

What are the features of tropical rainforests

A
  • Warm / hot climate
  • High rainfall
  • High light levels
  • Inter-species relationships
  • Low seasonality
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7
Q

What is the importance of tropical rainforests

A
  • High biodiversity
  • Resources
  • Carbon sequestration
  • Hydrological cycle
  • Soil erosion control
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8
Q

What are the threats to tropical rainforests

A
  • Fuel wood collection
  • Timber for construction and furniture
  • Agricultural expansion
  • Mineral extraction
  • Reservoirs
  • Global climate change
  • Exploitation of individual species
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9
Q

How can tropical rainforests be conserved

A
  • Establishment of protected areas
  • Debt for nature swaps
  • Sustainable exploitation such as selective logging
  • Afforestation
  • Eco tourism
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10
Q

What are the features of tropical coral reefs

A
  • Cnidarians
  • High light levels
  • Warm, stable temperature
  • Low turbidity
  • Constant salinity
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11
Q

What is the importance of tropical coral reefs

A
  • Fisheries
  • Erosion protection
  • Future medicinal discoveries
  • Climate control
  • Tourism
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12
Q

What are the threats to tropical coral reefs

A
  • Physical damage caused by human activities
  • Sedimentation
  • Climate change
  • Pollution
  • Fishing
  • Tourism
  • Introduced species (
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13
Q

How can tropical coral reefs be conserved

A
  • Control of damaging activities
  • Establishment of protected areas
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14
Q

What are the features of deep water coral reefs

A
  • Cold and dark
  • Slow coral growth
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15
Q

Whats the importance of deep water coral reefs

A
  • Research
  • Fisheries
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16
Q

What are the threats to deep water coral reefs

A
  • Trawling
  • Oil and gas exploration
  • Ocean acidification
17
Q

How can deep water coral reefs be conserved

A
  • Establishment of protected areas
  • Control of damaging activities
18
Q

What are the features of oceanic islands

A
  • Isolation
  • Few or no indigenous mammal predators
  • Endemic species
19
Q

Whats the importance of oceanic islands

A
  • Endemic islands
20
Q

What are the threats to oceanic islands

A
  • Species exploitation
  • Invasive species
  • Habitat change/ destruction
  • Sea levels rise
21
Q

How can oceanic islands be conserved

A
  • Eradication of invasive species
  • Control of developments and visitors
22
Q

What are the features of mangroves

A
  • Tropical climate
  • Halophytic trees
  • Low oxygen availability
23
Q

Whats the importance of mangroves

A
  • Coastal erosion protection
  • Fisheries
  • Timber supplies
  • Trap suspended solids
24
Q

What are the threats to mangroves

A
  • Clearance for urban development/ aquaculture
  • Coral reef destruction
  • Pollution
  • Global climate change
25
Q

How can mangroves be conserved

A
  • Reforestation
  • Control of damaging activities
  • Establishment of protected areas
26
Q

What are the features of Antarctica

A
  • Very low temperatures
  • Low precipitation
  • High albedo
  • High levels of marine nutrients
  • Large variations in ice cover
  • Extreme seasonal changes
27
Q

Whats the importance of Antarctica

A
  • Water store
  • Ice albedo
  • Carbon sequestration
  • Resources
  • Research
28
Q

What are the threats to Antarctica

A
  • Global climate change
  • Ozone depletion
  • Tourism
  • Overfishing
  • Future mineral exploration
  • Scientific research
29
Q

How can Antarctica be conserved

A
  • The Antarctic Treaty (1959)
  • Fisheries control
  • Waste management
  • Tourism control

Conservation of biodiversity (7 decks)

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