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History American West > Settlement, Development and fight for the plains > Flashcards

Settlement, Development and fight for the plains Flashcards

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1
Q

Why in the 1840’s was lawlessness only a minimal problem for migrants?

A

Because there was only a small number of migrants so they had to rely on each other

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2
Q

What problem in the 1950s in California led to problems with law and order?

A

Growth/ increase in population

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3
Q

What types of crime was there in California?

A
  • claim jumping
  • salting a claim
  • drunken violence
  • racist crime
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4
Q

What happened in China in 1951 to lead to Chinese’s migrants moving to California?

A

Famine

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5
Q

How many Chinese migrants moved to California in 1851?

A

2,000 people

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6
Q

How many Chinese migrants moved to California in 1852?

A

20,000 migrants

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7
Q

How did Chinese migrants moving to California cause racist violence?

A

As some Chinese migrants took the job of the miners under ground.

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8
Q

What happened in 1851 in San Francisco?

A

A crime wave

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9
Q

What caused the San Francisco crime wave?

A

Limited law and order and an influx of Chinese migrants

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10
Q

How many people did it take for a territory to have law and order?

A

60 thousand people

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11
Q

What happened in 1850-51 for miners?

A

Many miners moved underground and some became unemployed

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12
Q

What did unemployed lead to?

A

An increase in crime

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13
Q

What happened in San Francisco in 1851 to “tackle crime”?

A

Vigilante committees form

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14
Q

How many people were hung by vigilante groups in San Francisco in 1851?

A

89 suspects , even though they had no authority to do so

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15
Q

What year was Billy the kid born?

A

1859

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16
Q

What was the fastest way to travel between 1840’s-1860’s

A

Horseback

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17
Q

What was a problem with horseback travel?

A

Any news of trouble took a long time to reach officers

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18
Q

How did the civil war cause lawlessness between 1861-1865?

A

As deserters would hide out in western territories with little law and order

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19
Q

Who were the Reno gang?

A

A group of civil war deserters

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20
Q

What years did the Reno gang carry out train robberies?

A

1866,1867,1868

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21
Q

How much money did the Reno gang net on the 4th robbery?

A

$96,000

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22
Q

When was the Pinkerton agency set up?

A

1850

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23
Q

Who were the Pinkerton agency?

A

A private law enforcement agency

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24
Q

What did the Pinkerton agency do?

A

Track down outlaws and bring them to justice.

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25
Q

Why did the role of the Pinkerton agency decline?

A

Because the West became more civilised and lawlessness decreased

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26
Q

Who were the exception to lawlessness in 1869?

A

Wyatt Earp and Billy the kid

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27
Q

Why did lawlessness decrease in 1869?

A

Because frontier towns were connected to bigger towns by rail and electric telegraph so lawlessness decreased

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28
Q

When did Abilene hire wild bill Hickcok as town marshal?

A

1871

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29
Q

What did the mayor of Abilene decide to do to keep law and order?

A

Ban cowboys

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30
Q

When was the great die up?

A

1886-1887

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31
Q

What was the great die up?

A

When ranchers used barbed wire to fence off land, this created tension as it prevented the homesteaders from having access to water

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32
Q

When did the cattle barons try to control the beef market?

A

1870’s and 1880’s

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33
Q

What did cattle barons do to influence beef staying popular?

A
  • kill sheep

- bought land surrounding water supplies so farmers and homesteaders had no access

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34
Q

Why did cattle barons kill sheep?

A

As they did not want lamb to be more popular the beef

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35
Q

How many acres was promised by the homestead act?

A

160 acres

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36
Q

When was the homesteaders act?

A

1862

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37
Q

What impact did the homesteaders act have on the plains?

A

More family’s moved to the plains his led to a decrease in violence because families were stable and less violent.

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38
Q

When was lawlessness in Abilene?

A

1867

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39
Q

Why were cow towns the centre of lawlessness?

A

Because cowboys had been on the long drive for months and got paid once they reached these towns.

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40
Q

What would cowboys spend there money on at cow towns?

A
  • alcohol
  • gambling
  • prostitutes
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41
Q

When was it legal to kill a man?

A

In “self defence”

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42
Q

What was hell on wheels a nickname for?

A

New towns that developed along the railroad lines , also often cow towns.

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43
Q

What did hell on wheels towns try to do?

A

Build jail houses but drunk cowboys would often tear them down again

44
Q

Why did lawlessness decrease in the late 1870’s and 1880’s?

A

Because the towns developed and people wanted their businesses and families to be secure.

45
Q

What happened when ranching became more popular than the long drive to cow towns in the 1870’s and 1880’s?

A

Cowboys lifestyle became more settled and this reduced drunken violence in the west and some cattle barons even banned alcohol on their ranches.

46
Q

When was the Lincoln county war?

A

1878

47
Q

What happened in the Lincoln county war?

A

A conflict between a cattle baron called John chisum and smaller ranchers. Billy the kid’s friend Murphy was killed and he swore revenge.

48
Q

Who tracked down Billy the kid after he escaped justice?

A

Pat Garratt

49
Q

When was wyatt Earp rumoured to have been involved in stagecoach robberies and to have been a murderous outlaw?

A

1881

50
Q

When was the Johnson county war?

A

1892

51
Q

What was the Johnson county war?

A

A war where cattle barons tried to intimidate smaller ranchers and homesteaders.

52
Q

Was there any justice against cattle barons after the Johnson county war?

A

No , showing law and order was still not in place properly

53
Q

What did rich cattle barons do to stop being prosecuted for the Johnson county war?

A

They used there influence to but the best lawyers and drag out the trial until the county ran out of money and they were acquitted

54
Q

When was the railroad complete?

A

1869

55
Q

When was the pacific rail road act?

A

1862

56
Q

What was the population of California in 1855?

A

300,000

57
Q

What was the population of California in 1850?

A

120,000

58
Q

When was the successful Mormon migration?

A

1846-1847

59
Q

In 1846 how many people used the Oregon trail to move?

A

5000 people

60
Q

What was the population of California in 1846?

A

8,000

61
Q

When was the failed Donner party migration?

A

1846

62
Q

When did Jedediah Smith publish his route through the Rocky Mountains called he Oregon trail?

A

1825

63
Q

How many people by 1855 had moved to California because of the gold rush?

A

300,000

64
Q

How much in 1841 did the US government spend on a expedition to properly map the Oregon trail?

A

$30,000

65
Q

Who led the US government expedition to map the Oregon trail?

A

John Fremont

66
Q

How many people lost there jobs in the economic crash in the east in 1837?

A

25% of people

67
Q

How many people lost wages in the economic collapse in the East? (1837)

A

40% of people

68
Q

What year did a party of 60 people use the Oregon trail to move west?

A

1841

69
Q

In what year did 900 people use the Oregon trail led by Marcus Whitman to move west? (Great emigration)

A

1843

70
Q

When was the American civil war?

A

1861-1865

71
Q

What was the civil war?

A

Where 7 Southern states left the US due to conflict over how to settle the West and slavery.

72
Q

When did settling on the plains begin?

A

1850’s

73
Q

When did the government encourage people to move to the plains?

A

1854

74
Q

What new territories did the government create in 1854?

A

Nebraska and Kansas

75
Q

When were self governing wind mills invented?

A

1854

76
Q

Why where self governing windmills important?

A

As it made getting water out of the ground easier and this made it easier to farm in the plains

77
Q

When was the homestead act created?

A

1862

78
Q

When did work begin on the railroad?

A

1863

79
Q

In 1876 how much government land had become homestead land?

A

6 million acres

80
Q

When was the timber culture act passed?

A

1876

81
Q

What was the timber culture act?

A

If homesteaders planted trees on the land they could claim an extra 160 acres

82
Q

When was the sulky plight invented?

A

1875

83
Q

What did the silky plough do?

A

Make it easier to plough hard land on the plains

84
Q

When was the exoduster movement?

A

1879

85
Q

What was the exoduster movement?

A

40,000 freed black slaves moved to Kansas and Missouri for a new start

86
Q

How much land had the rail road companies sold by 1880?

A

200 million acres of land in the west

87
Q

When was the Oklahoma land rush?

A

1893

88
Q

What was the Oklahoma land rush?

A

Where the government gave away Indian land to white settlers in Oklahoma

89
Q

How much land was given away in the Oklahoma land rush?

A

Over 2 million acres

90
Q

When was barbed wire invented?

A

1874

91
Q

When was the first cow town created?

A

1867

92
Q

Who created Abilene (1st cow town)?

A

Joseph McCoy

93
Q

Which trail did cowboys use to get to Abilene?

A

The chisolm trail

94
Q

How much were cows worth each in Chicago?

A

$40

95
Q

What happened with cows in 1865?

A

They overbred in Texas after the civil war

96
Q

What year did John Illiff show that cows could survive on the plains?

A

1861

97
Q

When was the Good-Night_Loving trail established?

A

1866

98
Q

In 1872 how many cattle did Illiff have on his ranch?

A

26,000

99
Q

When did and where did Illiff buy his ranch?

A

Wyoming 1867

100
Q

When did refrigerated cattle cars come into use on trains?

A

1875

101
Q

How much cattle had been driven to Abilene by 1872?

A

3 million cattle

102
Q

Whats the most important points about beef bonanza?

A
  • growth of ranching on the plains
  • farming cattle became one of the most profitable jobs in the west
  • cattle barons began to invest in ranchers
103
Q

When was the beef bonanza?

A

1870’s

104
Q

By 1880 how much cattle was in the west?

A

4.5 million cattle

105
Q

When was the great die up?

A

1886-1887

106
Q

What percent of herd died in the great die up?

A

15% of open range herds die

107
Q

What was the great die up?

A

Temperature dropped on the plains so many cattle died and this caused the end of open ranges this led to smaller fenced ranches.

History American West (1 decks)

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