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settlement Flashcards

rural and urban settlements

1
Q

What is a settlement?

A

A settlement is a place where people live.

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2
Q

characteristics of settlement?

A
  • Settlements can vary in size from the very small to
    extremely large. They can be as small as one house
    and as large as a megalopolis, home to tens of
    millions of people.
  • It can be temporary or permanent. Refugee camp is
    temporary
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3
Q

SITE

A

Site is the actual location of a settlement on the Earth, and the term includes the physical characteristics of the
landscape specific to the area.

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4
Q

characteristics of a SITE

A

Site factors include landforms, climate, vegetation, availability of water, soil quality, minerals, raw materials .

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5
Q

Situation

A

Situation is as the location of a place relative to its
surroundings and other places.

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6
Q

Some characteristics of situation

A

*wet point site - these are sites close to a supply of water
*dry point site - these are sites that avoided the risk of flooding
*defensive site - these were sites that were on high ground and
allowed the inhabitants to see enemies from a distance
*Accessibility- transport routes connecting to other areas.

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7
Q

Nucleated Pattern

A

Nucleated Pattern buildings are close together.

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8
Q

Dispersed/Isolated Pattern

A

Dispersed/Isolated Pattern buildings are far apart

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9
Q

Shape

A

Shape involves an interaction with the surrounding landscape
features. The most common patterns are linear, rectangular,
circular or semi-circular, cross and T shaped.

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10
Q

Factors influencing Site

A

 Availalbilty of drinkable water
 Availability of building materials
 Arable land .
 Pasturage for livestock( can your live stock be able to get grass to
feed on)
 Fuel for warmth and cooking
 Soil quality/conditions
 Relief and drainage
 Transport routes (if found on the site)
 Relief
 Religion

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11
Q

Factors influencing situation

A

Transport infrastructure
* Market
*Physical barriers

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12
Q

Advantages of Nucleated Pattern

A

Advantages
* More contact and socialising.
* Safety and security as people are nearby
* Share ideas regarding activities e.g. farming methods
* Share costs e.g. buying farming equipment
* More facilities. It is more profitable to establish services near nucleated settlements
* People are immediately available in case of emergencies

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13
Q

Disadvantages of Nucleated Patterns

A

Disadvantages
* In case of communal farming showing initiative and independent decision making is limited as many people
are involved.
* Farming plots are generally small therefore machinery is limited.
* Limited use of new farming methods
* Machinery is generally shared increasing maintenance costs.
* Small plots result in limited economic gain.

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14
Q

Advantages of Dispersed/Isolated Pattern

A

Advantages
* Can showing initiative and independent decision making .
* Farming plots are generally large therefore machinery is used.
* Can maximise new farming methods
* Machinery is not shared reducing maintenance costs.
* Large plots result in economic gain can be maximised.

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15
Q

Disadvantage Dispersed/Isolated Pattern

A

Disadvantages
* Less contact and socializing.
* Limited safety and security as people are not nearby
* Limited sharing of ideas regarding activities e.g. farming methods
* Generally responsible for all costs e.g. buying farming equipment
* Less facilities. It is more profitable to establish services near nucleated settlements
* People are not immediately available in case of emergencies.

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16
Q

Linear

A
  • More farms along river for water supply and transport or transport routes for
    transport..
  • Farms closer together.
17
Q

Circular

A
  • Around a focal (centrally located) point
  • Market, place of worship (church), village green
18
Q

T-shape, cross-shape, star-shape

A

Nodal point of communication routes.

19
Q

Fragmented

A

Hamlets that have a few scattered huts, no real pattern.

20
Q

Land Use

A

Land use refers to the function of an area of land the purpose for which
land is used.

21
Q

Land use in Rural areas

A
  • The largest land use in rural settlement is agriculture.
  • Settlements.
  • Transport routes.
  • Recreation e.g. horse riding schools and stables, golf courses.
  • Services e.g. sewerage works, and airports.
  • Conservation
22
Q

Rural urban migration

A

It is the movement of people from rural areas to urban
areas.

23
Q

Push Factors

A

Factors that force people out of the rural areas.

24
Q

Pull Factors

A

Factors that attract people out of the rural areas.

25
Characteristics of Push Factors
Few services * Lack of job opportunities * Lack of proper facilities/services e.g. education, healthcare, sanitation, piped water, housing, places of worship, Lack of entertainment and recreation * Poor transport links. * Mechanisation * Natural disasters.
26
Characteristics of Pull Factors
* Access services * Better job opportunities * Better facilities/services e.g. education, healthcare, sanitation, piped water, housing, places of worship, entertainment and recreation * Better transport links. * Hope for a better quality of life.
27
Rural depopulation
Rural depopulation Refers to the decrease in the number of people found in the rural areas.
28
Causes of rural depopulation
* Rural urban migration * Death * Migration e.g. going overseas etc
29
Consequences of rural depopulation on people and the economy
* Decline in wage earners therefore decreased buying power. * Dwindling population results in shops closing down, decreasing staff or reducing stock * Facilities close down e.g. banks, post office * Residents have to travel greater distances services that close down e.g. travel to other towns * Schools close down or quality of educational facilities decrease * Land value drops * Younger and more productive people leave resulting in an ageing population * Decrease in productivity of the area * Ghost towns could develop * Increase in poverty * Cycle of rural decline and decay sets in * Decrease in use of resources in rural areas, resources not used to develop economy * Cycle of poverty continues for many people
30
Strategies to address rural depopulation: Provision of basic needs
By providing the basic needs e.g. piped water, housing, electricity, education, sanitation, employment etc. will definitely reduce rural depopulation.
31
Strategies to address rural depopulation: Using tourism to address rural depopulation. Organising of special events
Using the assets of a rural area e.g. a rural area in Tulbagh where grapes and wine is popular, we could have a wine festival. This attracts people to the area and in this way they could also view the other assets of the area creating an opportunity to attract people and investment reducing rural depopulation.
32
Strategies to address rural depopulation: GIS
The role GIS in increasing regarding addressing rural depopulation. We can use GIS to investigate various issues e.g. how many people leaving rural areas, monitoring of business, monitoring physical factors such as vegetation cover and soil fertility. We could investigate the impact of water resources on rural depopulation etc.
33
Social justice issues: Access to resources
During the apartheid era millions of black people were forced to live in the former ‘homelands’ which had limited resources. This resulted in the over utilisation of the resources. There was now a serious problem regarding access to resources e.g. piped water
34
Social justice issues: Poverty
Poverty is linked to access to resources. It more than just having insufficient income to meet the basic needs, it is also the inability of people to have access to resources. This results in people being caught in a cycle of poverty.
35
What is Poverty?
Poverty is linked to access to resources. It more than just having insufficient income to meet the basic needs, it is also the inability of people to have access to resources. This results in people being caught in a cycle of poverty.
36
Possible solutions to access to resources and poverty
We need to have a balance between inputs and Infrastructure in order to have sustainable development We need to empower people and use the resources available to assist with the problem of poverty and resources

GEOGRAPHY (7 decks)

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