settlement

Question 1

What is a settlement?

Answer 1

A settlement is a place where people live.

Question 2

characteristics of settlement?

Answer 2

• Settlements can vary in size from the very small to
  extremely large. They can be as small as one house
  and as large as a megalopolis, home to tens of
  millions of people.
• It can be temporary or permanent. Refugee camp is
  temporary

Question 3

SITE

Answer 3

Site is the actual location of a settlement on the Earth, and the term includes the physical characteristics of the
landscape specific to the area.

Question 4

characteristics of a SITE

Answer 4

Site factors include landforms, climate, vegetation, availability of water, soil quality, minerals, raw materials .

Question 5

Situation

Answer 5

Situation is as the location of a place relative to its
surroundings and other places.

Question 6

Some characteristics of situation

Answer 6

*wet point site - these are sites close to a supply of water
*dry point site - these are sites that avoided the risk of flooding
*defensive site - these were sites that were on high ground and
allowed the inhabitants to see enemies from a distance
*Accessibility- transport routes connecting to other areas.

Question 7

Nucleated Pattern

Answer 7

Nucleated Pattern buildings are close together.

Question 8

Dispersed/Isolated Pattern

Answer 8

Dispersed/Isolated Pattern buildings are far apart

Question 9

Shape

Answer 9

Shape involves an interaction with the surrounding landscape
features. The most common patterns are linear, rectangular,
circular or semi-circular, cross and T shaped.

Question 10

Factors influencing Site

Answer 10

 Availalbilty of drinkable water
 Availability of building materials
 Arable land .
 Pasturage for livestock( can your live stock be able to get grass to
feed on)
 Fuel for warmth and cooking
 Soil quality/conditions
 Relief and drainage
 Transport routes (if found on the site)
 Relief
 Religion

Question 11

Factors influencing situation

Answer 11

Transport infrastructure
* Market
*Physical barriers

Question 12

Advantages of Nucleated Pattern

Answer 12

Advantages
* More contact and socialising.
* Safety and security as people are nearby
* Share ideas regarding activities e.g. farming methods
* Share costs e.g. buying farming equipment
* More facilities. It is more profitable to establish services near nucleated settlements
* People are immediately available in case of emergencies

Question 13

Disadvantages of Nucleated Patterns

Answer 13

Disadvantages
* In case of communal farming showing initiative and independent decision making is limited as many people
are involved.
* Farming plots are generally small therefore machinery is limited.
* Limited use of new farming methods
* Machinery is generally shared increasing maintenance costs.
* Small plots result in limited economic gain.

Question 14

Advantages of Dispersed/Isolated Pattern

Answer 14

Advantages
* Can showing initiative and independent decision making .
* Farming plots are generally large therefore machinery is used.
* Can maximise new farming methods
* Machinery is not shared reducing maintenance costs.
* Large plots result in economic gain can be maximised.

Question 15

Disadvantage Dispersed/Isolated Pattern

Answer 15

Disadvantages
* Less contact and socializing.
* Limited safety and security as people are not nearby
* Limited sharing of ideas regarding activities e.g. farming methods
* Generally responsible for all costs e.g. buying farming equipment
* Less facilities. It is more profitable to establish services near nucleated settlements
* People are not immediately available in case of emergencies.

Question 16

Linear

Answer 16

• More farms along river for water supply and transport or transport routes for
  transport..
• Farms closer together.

Question 17

Circular

Answer 17

• Around a focal (centrally located) point
• Market, place of worship (church), village green

Question 18

T-shape, cross-shape, star-shape

Answer 18

Nodal point of communication routes.

Question 19

Fragmented

Answer 19

Hamlets that have a few scattered huts, no real pattern.

Question 20

Land Use

Answer 20

Land use refers to the function of an area of land the purpose for which
land is used.

Question 21

Land use in Rural areas

Answer 21

• The largest land use in rural settlement is agriculture.
• Settlements.
• Transport routes.
• Recreation e.g. horse riding schools and stables, golf courses.
• Services e.g. sewerage works, and airports.
• Conservation

Question 22

Rural urban migration

Answer 22

It is the movement of people from rural areas to urban
areas.

Question 23

Push Factors

Answer 23

Factors that force people out of the rural areas.

Question 24

Pull Factors

Answer 24

Factors that attract people out of the rural areas.

Question 25

Characteristics of Push Factors

Answer 25

Few services
* Lack of job opportunities
* Lack of proper facilities/services e.g.
education, healthcare, sanitation, piped
water, housing, places of worship, Lack
of entertainment and recreation
* Poor transport links.
* Mechanisation
* Natural disasters.

Question 26

Characteristics of Pull Factors

Answer 26

• Access services
• Better job opportunities
• Better facilities/services e.g. education,
  healthcare, sanitation, piped water, housing,
  places of worship, entertainment and
  recreation
• Better transport links.
• Hope for a better quality of life.

Question 27

Rural depopulation

Answer 27

Rural depopulation
Refers to the decrease in the number of people found in the rural areas.

Question 28

Causes of rural depopulation

Answer 28

• Rural urban migration
• Death
• Migration e.g. going overseas etc

Question 29

Consequences of rural depopulation on people and the economy

Answer 29

• Decline in wage earners therefore decreased buying power.
• Dwindling population results in shops closing down, decreasing staff or reducing stock
• Facilities close down e.g. banks, post office
• Residents have to travel greater distances services that close down e.g. travel to other towns
• Schools close down or quality of educational facilities decrease
• Land value drops
• Younger and more productive people leave resulting in an ageing population
• Decrease in productivity of the area
• Ghost towns could develop
• Increase in poverty
• Cycle of rural decline and decay sets in
• Decrease in use of resources in rural areas, resources not used to develop economy
• Cycle of poverty continues for many people

Question 30

Strategies to address rural depopulation:
Provision of basic needs

Answer 30

By providing the basic needs e.g. piped water, housing, electricity, education, sanitation, employment etc. will
definitely reduce rural depopulation.

Question 31

Strategies to address rural depopulation: Using tourism to address rural depopulation.
Organising of special events

Answer 31

Using the assets of a rural area e.g. a rural area in Tulbagh where grapes and wine is popular, we could
have a wine festival. This attracts people to the area and in this way they could also view the other assets of
the area creating an opportunity to attract people and investment reducing rural depopulation.

Question 32

Strategies to address rural depopulation: GIS

Answer 32

The role GIS in increasing regarding addressing rural depopulation. We can use GIS to investigate various
issues e.g. how many people leaving rural areas, monitoring of business, monitoring physical factors such as
vegetation cover and soil fertility. We could investigate the impact of water resources on rural depopulation etc.

Question 33

Social justice issues:
Access to resources

Answer 33

During the apartheid era millions of black people were forced to live in the former ‘homelands’ which had
limited resources. This resulted in the over utilisation of the resources. There was now a serious problem
regarding access to resources e.g. piped water

Question 34

Social justice issues: Poverty

Answer 34

Poverty is linked to access to resources. It more than just having insufficient income to meet the basic needs,
it is also the inability of people to have access to resources. This results in people being caught in a cycle of
poverty.

Question 35

What is Poverty?

Answer 35

Poverty is linked to access to resources. It more than just having insufficient income to meet the basic needs, it
is also the inability of people to have access to resources. This results in people being caught in a cycle of
poverty.

Question 36

Possible solutions to access to resources and poverty

Answer 36

We need to have a balance between inputs and Infrastructure in order to have sustainable development We
need to empower people and use the resources available to assist with the problem of poverty and resources