Setting up good research

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

all possible individuals that make up a group of interest

Question 2

Sample

Answer 2

a subgroup is chosen from a larger population

Question 3

Generalization, representativeness

Answer 3

ability to apply findings from the sample to a larger population (external validity)

Question 4

Sampling

Answer 4

random or nonrandom

Question 5

Types of sampling

Answer 5

• probability sampling
• simple random sampling
• stratified sampling
• proportionate sampling
• systematic sampling
• cluster sampling

Question 6

Research setting

Answer 6

laboratory or field research

Question 7

Threats to internal validity

Answer 7

history, maturation, regression towards the mean, biased selection of subjects, experimental mortality

Question 8

Threats to external validity

Answer 8

reactive testing, selection biases, interference of multiple treatments

Question 9

Probability sampling

Answer 9

each member of the population has equal chance

Question 10

Simple random sampling

Answer 10

certain number of individuals from the population is chosen by chance

Question 11

Stratified sampling

Answer 11

the population is divided into segments (strata), then random sample from each strata

Question 12

Proportionate sampling

Answer 12

subjects represent the percentage of real existing groups

Question 13

Systematic sampling

Answer 13

every kth element is chosen

Question 14

Cluster sampling

Answer 14

naturally occuring groups, randomly select clusters and then individuals (multistage sampling)