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Medical Ethics > Setting the stage > Flashcards

Setting the stage Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the eight goals of medicine

A
  1. Promotion of health and prevention of disease
  2. Maintain/improve quality of life, by relief of pain/suffering
  3. Cure disease
  4. Prevent untimely death
  5. Improve/maintain functional status
  6. Educate
  7. Avoid harm
  8. Near death relief
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2
Q

What is the difference between morals and ethics?

A

Morals define a single person

Ethics are part of a social system

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3
Q

Ethics is a branch of what subject?

A

Philosophy

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4
Q

“can we…” is what type of question (medical, ethical, or legal)?

A

Medical

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5
Q

“Should we…” is what type of question (medical, ethical, or legal)?

A

Ethical

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6
Q

“Do we have to…” is what type of question (medical, ethical, or legal)?

A

Legal

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7
Q

What are codes of ethics?

A

Summarize principles and behavior expected, as well as provide guidelines

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8
Q

What are the six different sources of ethical conflict?

A
  1. Different facts
  2. Different values
  3. Different emotions
  4. Different reasoning
  5. Different loyalties
  6. Different perceptions
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9
Q

What are virtues?

A

character traits which disposes habitually to excellence in intent and performance

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10
Q

What are the 8 virtues?

A
  1. Prudence-wisdom
  2. Justice
  3. Fortitude
  4. Temperance
  5. Fidelity to trust
  6. Compassion
  7. Integrity
  8. Effacement of self-interest
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11
Q

What are the 4 “cardial” virtues?

A
  1. Prudence-wisdom
  2. justice
  3. Fortitude
  4. Temperance
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12
Q

What is wisdom?

A

Possessing moral insight

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13
Q

What is the only one of the four principles that is also a virtue?

A

Justice

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14
Q

What is Fortitude?

A

Sustained moral courage

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15
Q

What is integrity?

A

Being moral

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16
Q

What are the four ethical principles?

A
  1. Beneficence
  2. Nonmaleficence
  3. Autonomy
  4. Justice
17
Q

Which has a negative prohibition, and which has a positive requirement (Non-maleficence, beneficence)?

A

Beneficence = Positive Requirement

Nonmaleficence- Negative prohibitions

18
Q

What are the aspects involved in evaluating and ethical problem, and what are the principles behind them?

A
  1. Medical indications (beneficence/nonmale)
  2. Patient preferences (autonomy)
  3. Quality of life (three above)
  4. Contextual features (justice)

Medical Ethics (8 decks)

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