Sets - Chapter 8

Question 1

A blank is a collection of distinct elements

Answer 1

set

Question 2

A set blank operation adds an element to the set, provided an equal element doesn’t already exist in the set.

Answer 2

add

Question 3

A set is an blank collection

Answer 3

unordered

Question 4

Set blank may be primitive data values, such as numbers or strings, or objects with numerous data members.

Answer 4

elements

Question 5

When storing objects, set implementations commonly distinguish elements based on an element’s blank: A primitive data value that serves as a unique identifier for the element.

Answer 5

key value

Question 6

Sets are commonly implemented to use keys for blank element types.

Answer 6

all

Question 7

When storing objects, the set retrieves an object’s blank via an external function or predetermined knowledge of which object property is the key value.

Answer 7

key

Question 8

When storing blank data values, each primitive data value’s key is itself.

Answer 8

primitive

Question 9

Given a key, a set blank operation removes the element with the specified key from the set.

Answer 9

remove

Question 10

Given a key, a set blank operation returns the set element with the specified key, or null if no such element exists.

Answer 10

search

Question 11

The search operation can be used to implement a blank.

Answer 11

subset test

Question 12

A set X is a blank of set Y only if every element of X is also an element of Y.

Answer 12

subset

Question 13

The blank of sets X and Y, denoted as X ∪ Y, is a set that contains every element from X, every element from Y, and no additional elements.

Answer 13

union

Question 14

The blank of sets X and Y, denoted as X ∩ Y, is a set that contains every element that is in both X and Y, and no additional elements.

Answer 14

intersection

Question 15

The blank of sets X and Y, denoted as X \ Y, is a set that contains every element that is in X but not in Y, and no additional elements.

Answer 15

difference

Question 16

The blank and blank operations are commutative, so X ∪ Y = Y ∪ X and X ∩ Y = Y ∩ X. The blank operation is not commutative.

Answer 16

union and intersection
difference

Question 17

A blank operation on set X produces a subset containing only elements from X that satisfy a particular condition

Answer 17

filter

Question 18

The condition for filtering is commonly represented by a blank: A function that takes an element as an argument and returns a Boolean value indicating whether or not that element will be in the filtered subset.

Answer 18

filter predicate

Question 19

A blank operation on set X produces a new set by applying some function F to each element.

Answer 19

map

Question 20

A blank is a set that can change after being constructed.

Answer 20

dynamic set

Question 21

A blank is a set that doesn’t change after being constructed

Answer 21

static set

Question 22

A set can be implemented in Python using a blank to store set elements. In practice, a balanced BST or hash table is often used to efficiently implement a set, but a BST will suffice for all necessary set operations.

Answer 22

binary search tree (BST)

Question 23

The set implementation supports iterating through all items in the set. The Set class’s blank instance method constructs and returns a BSTIterator object referencing the minimum node in the tree.

Answer 23

__iter__()

Question 24

The Set class’s blank method takes an optional argument for a get-key function.

Answer 24

__init__()

Question 25

The blank takes an element as an argument and returns the element’s key. If no get-key function argument is passed to the Set constructor, then a default lambda function is used that takes an element as an argument and returns the same element as the key. The get-key function is used for comparing elements in the set’s BST implementation.

Answer 25

get-key function

Question 26

A blank provides a shorthand notation for creating a function object. An expression of the form:
get_key = lambda x: x

assigns get_key as a function object with functionality equivalent to:
def get_key(x):
return x

A lambda function allows a variable to reference a function without declaring the function as global or an instance method.

Answer 26

lambda function

Question 27

The Set class implements standard blank in the add(), remove(), and search() methods. The __len__() method returns the set’s length by counting the number of nodes in the BST. The remaining methods implement common set operations such as difference(), filter(), intersection(), map(), and union().

Answer 27

BST functionality

Question 28

Builds a new set by adding elements returned from a function. The function is passed as an argument and is called for each element in the instance set.

Answer 28

map

Question 29

Allows a Set object to be iterated through in a for loop.

Answer 29

__iter__() method

Question 30

Builds and returns the set of elements that exist only in both sets.

Answer 30

intersection

Question 31

Builds and returns the set of elements that exist in 1 or both sets.

Answer 31

Union

Question 32

Builds and returns the set of elements that exist only in the instance set, and not in the other set.

Answer 32

difference

Question 33

Builds and returns the set of elements from the instance set that satisfy the predicate.

Answer 33

filter