Set Theory Flashcards

1
Q

What is a set?

A

A set is an unordered collection of different types of objects.

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2
Q

What is a set’s roster notation?

A

The roster notation definition of a set is a list of the elements enclosed in curly braces with the individual elements separated by commas.

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3
Q

What is an empty set, also known as a null set?

A

The set with no elements is called the empty set and is denoted by the symbol ∅. Null set denoted “{}”.

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4
Q

What is a finite set?

A

A finite set has a finite number of elements.

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5
Q

What is an infinite set?

A

An infinite set has an infinite number of elements.

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6
Q

What is a set’s cardinality, and how is it denoted?

A

The cardinality of a finite set A, denoted by |A|, is the number of elements in A.

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7
Q

What is the universal set?

A

The universal set, usually denoted by the variable U, is a set that contains all elements mentioned in a particular context.

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8
Q

What makes set A a subset of B?

A

If every element in A is also an element of B, then A is a subset of B, denoted as A ⊆ B.

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9
Q

What is a subset?

A

If A ⊆ B and there is an element of B that is not an element of A (i.e., A ≠ B), then A is a proper subset of B, denoted as A ⊂ B.

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10
Q

What is a power set of a set?

A

The power set of a set A, denoted P(A), is the set of all subsets of A.

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11
Q

What is the intersection of two set?

A

The intersection of A and B, denoted A ∩ B and read “A intersect B”, is the set of all elements that are elements of both A and B.

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12
Q

What is the union of two sets?

A

The union of two sets, A and B, denoted A ∪ B and read “A union B”, is the set of all elements that are elements of A or B.

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13
Q

What is the difference of two set?

A

The difference between two sets A and B, denoted A - B, is the set of elements that are in A but not in B.

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14
Q

What is the symmetric difference of two sets?

A

The symmetric difference between two sets, A and B, denoted A ⊕ B, is the set of elements that are a member of exactly one of A and B, but not both.

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15
Q

What is the complement of two sets?

A

The complement of a set A, denoted A, is the set of all elements in U that are not elements of A.

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16
Q

What is a set identity?

A

A set identity is an equation involving sets that is true regardless of the contents of the sets in the expression.

17
Q

What is an ordered pair?

A

An ordered pair of items is written (x, y).

18
Q

What is an entry in an ordered pair?

A

The first entry of the ordered pair (x, y) is x and the second entry is y.

19
Q

What is a Cartesian product of two sets?

A

For two sets, A and B, the Cartesian product of A and B, denoted A x B, is the set of all ordered pairs in which the first entry is in A and the second entry is in B.
ordered triple

20
Q

What makes two sets disjoint?

A

Two sets, A and B, are said to be disjoint if their intersection is empty (A ∩ B = ∅)..

21
Q

What makes two sets pairwise disjoint?

A

A sequence of sets, A1, A2, …, An, is pairwise disjoint if every pair of distinct sets in the sequence is disjoint (i.e., Ai ∩ Aj = ∅ for any i and j in the range from 1 through n where i ≠ j)..