Set 1

Question 1

Thyroid tissue can fail to migrate to it’s normal location and may reside anywhere along the ____ ____’s usual path.

Answer 1

thyroglossal duct’s

Question 2

The thyroglossal duct extends from the ___ ___ on the dorsal tongue to the superior boarder of the ___ ___.

Answer 2

foramen cecum; thyroid isthmus

Question 3

___ ___ is characterized by a thin, grayish-white, and fishy-smelling vaginal discharge and is mildly pruritic; clue cells are seen on wet mount microscopy.

Answer 3

Bacterial vaginosis (Gardnerella vaginalis)

Question 4

What are the 3 most common cancer in women (excluding skin)?

Answer 4

Breast, Lung, then Colon

Question 5

Which 3 cancers in women claim the most lives?

Answer 5

LUNG, Breast, then Colon

Question 6

What histone modification enhances gene txc by weakening the DNA-histone bond, making DNA segments more accessible for txc factors and RNA polymerase?

Answer 6

Acetylation of histones

Question 7

What does the abnormal huntingtin protein in Huntington dz do?

Answer 7

it increases histone DEacetylation, which prevents the txc of certain genes necessary for neuronal survival

Question 8

Hereditary orotic aciduria is caused by a defect in what enzyme?

Answer 8

Uridine 5’-monophosphate (UMP) synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes orotic acid –> UMP

Question 9

How does Hereditary orotic aciduria present?

Answer 9

presents in children w/ physical and mental retardation, megaloblastic anemia, and elevated urinary orotic acid levels

Question 10

Ho do you tx hereditary orotic aciduira?

Answer 10

tx is uridine supplementation, which can be converted to UMP, bypassing the enyzmatic defect

Question 11

In anaphylaxis, a type I hypersensitivity rxn, an allergen (antigen) interacts w/ prexisting IgE (antibody) bound to ___ and ____. This facilitates cross-linking of surface IgE molecules that signal the cell to degranulate, releasing chemical mediators such has ___ and ___.

Answer 11

basophils and mast cells; histamine and heparin

Question 12

Melanoma is a malignancy of melanocytes, which are of ___ origin.

Answer 12

neural crest

Question 13

What are the clinical features of melanoma (ABCDEs)?

Answer 13

Asymmetry
Border irregularities
Color variegation 
Diameter >/= 6 mm
Evolving in size, shape, or color

Question 14

Where does melanoma commonly metastasize?

Answer 14

brain, GI tract, bone, liver, and lungs

Question 15

The capsule of H. influenzae is immunogenic and is composed of what?

Answer 15

polyribitol-ribose-phosphate (PRP)