set 1 Flashcards
Define the counseling skill of Attributing
This is an active response from the counselor. Encouraging the client’s potential for being successful in a designated activity.
Describe the difference between independent and dependent variables.
Independent variable: The variable that is exposed to the experimental group in research.
Dependent variable: The outcome or effect of the independent variable in research.
eg. “Fat is the independent variable, while weight gain is the dependent variable.” All are measures of central tendency from frequency distributions.
Name the kind of research that is exhibited in experimental and casual comparison studies and describe each.
Both are analytic research studies.
Experimental utilizes an independent variable and measures the dependent variable. (This allows for more control by the researcher.)
Casual comparison is an “after the fact” kind of measurement where there is no designated independent variable. (This has less control by the researcher.)
Define the counseling skills of Self-disclosure
An active response from the counselor.
The counselor shares information about himself/herself to provide a more open atmosphere.
Define the counseling skill of paraphrasing.
A listening response from the counselor.
Restatement of the client’s message in the counselor’s own words. Usually touching on the main points of the client’s statement.
eg. “You can follow the heart healthy diet at home but not at work.”
Give the difference between a goal and objective
A goal is a general purpose that is stated in broad outcomes.
An objective is specific and is stated in measurable terms and is characterized by action verbs such as identify, explain, etc.
“Goals may be obtained through objectives.”
Contrast the benefits between written vs. oral communication.
Written communication provides a record for documentation and can be legally binding but response time is slower.
Oral communication provides for more rapid response but is not legally binding.
Name the 4 basic parts of a research study and describe each.
Introduction: Reviews the literature and gives a brief outline of the study.
Method: Describes how the data was obtained through its research design.
Results: The outcome of the study & statistical analysis.
Discussion and conclusions: Describes the relationship between the hypothesis and the results including significance of the study.
Define the counseling skill of summarization.
A listening response from the counselor
Paying attention to both content and feelings. This response extends both the paraphrase and reflection responses.
What learning technique permits the greatest retention.
Application or Hands-on
Name the kind of research that is exhibited in surveys and correlation studies and describe each.
Both are descriptive research studies.
Surveys gather data for the purpose of identifying specific data.
Correlational studies describe and strengthen the relationship between two or more factors. (i.e. Fat and weight gain)
Describe McGregor’s theory X
Theory X states that people dislike to work and need direction and close supervision. A traditional or classical thought of management.
What level is the P-value considered significant?
The P-value is significant at 0.05 and below.
Describe the human relations school of management
Employees are motivated to work through respect, responsibility, etc. (money is not a factor); emphasis is on the employee; human element is important.
Name the least effective way to learn
Self-instruction modules that are done on one’s own time.
