Session One: Introduction to movement

Question 1

The anatomical position

Answer 1

Standing upright, arms at sides, palms are facing forward, thumbs to side and feet together.

Question 2

Anterior

Answer 2

Front of the body. e.g lips to teeth

Question 3

Posterior

Answer 3

The back of the body. e.g heel to toe

Question 4

Distal

Answer 4

(Distant). Further away from where the arm or leg inserts itself from the body.

Question 5

Proximal

Answer 5

(Proximity). Closer to the where the arm or leg insures itself from the body.

Question 6

Midline

Answer 6

Centre of the body.

Question 7

Medial

Answer 7

Closer to the midline.

Question 8

Lateral

Answer 8

Further away from the body.

Question 9

Superior

Answer 9

Above or towards the head.

Question 10

Inferior

Answer 10

Below or towards the head

Question 11

Body Planes

Answer 11

Mid Sagittal
Frontal plane
Transerve plan

Question 12

Mid Sagittal

Answer 12

midline

Question 13

Frontal Plane

Answer 13

Divides the body into anterior and posterior.

Question 14

Transerve Plane

Answer 14

Divides the body into inferior and superior.

Question 15

How do muscles move joints?

Answer 15

Muscles are attached to bones and create tension when pulling to move joints.

Question 16

Isometric

Answer 16

Two types-> concentric and ecceentric

Question 17

Concentric

Answer 17

The muscle shortens. Resisting Gravity

Question 18

Eccentric

Answer 18

The muscle lengthens. The muscle controls the movement against an external applied force (Often assisted by gravity)

Question 19

Isometric

Answer 19

Static muscle work the muscle work the muscle to stay the same and maintain the limb in a position. Resists gravity.

Question 20

Antagonists

Answer 20

Are muscles that oppose this action and help control the extent and speed of movement. (relaxed)

Question 21

Primer mover/s or Agonist

Answer 21

When a muscle (or groups of muscles) contracts to produce a movement. (concentrated)

Question 22

Types of Muscles

Answer 22

Cardiac muscle = This is a heart muscle
Skeletal muscle = The tissue forms the wall of blood vessels and hollow organ
Smooth muscle = This is the muscle that is attached to bone and produces movement at joints.

Question 23

Flexion

Answer 23

This is the movement that deceases of the angle between the joints.

Question 24

Extention

Answer 24

This is the movement that increases the angle between to joints.

Question 25

Abduction

Answer 25

The movement that pulls the body part away from the midline of the body.

Question 26

Adduction

Answer 26

This movement brings the limb closer to the midline.

Question 27

Medial rotation

Answer 27

The movement that brings the hand (and anterior arm) near to the midline.

Question 28

Lateral rotation

Answer 28

The movement that brings the joint away from the midline.

Question 29

Pronation

Answer 29

Where the radius moves over the Ulna.

Question 30

Supination

Answer 30

The movement between the proximal and distal joints. Behind the Ulna

Question 31

Planter flexion

Answer 31

The movement of the ankle to increase the angle between the foot and shin.

Question 32

Dorsiflexion

Answer 32

The movement of the ankle to decease the angle between the foot and shin.

Question 33

Eversion

Answer 33

The movement of the foot away from the frontline.

Question 34

Inversion

Answer 34

The movement of the foot towards from the frontline.

Question 35

Radial diviation

Answer 35

Palm face and wrist moved away from the midline

Question 36

Ulnar divination

Answer 36

Palm face and wrist moved towards from the midline

Question 37

How does the nervous system communicate?

Answer 37

sensory receptors monitor change inside and outside the body (sensory input).
Processing and interpretation of sensory inout (integration)
Cause a response (motor output) by activation of effector organs.

Question 38

PNS consists of?

Answer 38

Sensory afferent neurones- cary impulse away from periphery to the CNS from sensory receptors (sensory input)
Motor efferent neurone carry impulses from CNS to effector organs e.g muscle (motor output)

Question 39

What does the Motor division consist of ?

Answer 39

Somatic nervous system- controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
Autonomic nervous system- controls involuntary process e.g heartbeat.

Question 40

What does the autonomic nervous system consists of?

Answer 40

sympathetic nervous system- predominates stressful situations. ‘fight or flight’. Equips body to respond to when exterior is required. e.g increased heart beat.

parasympathetic nervous system- predominates in activity that occur when body is at rest ‘rest & digest’ w.g decrease heart rate and increase digestive systems.