Session One: Introduction to movement Flashcards
The anatomical position
Standing upright, arms at sides, palms are facing forward, thumbs to side and feet together.
Anterior
Front of the body. e.g lips to teeth
Posterior
The back of the body. e.g heel to toe
Distal
(Distant). Further away from where the arm or leg inserts itself from the body.
Proximal
(Proximity). Closer to the where the arm or leg insures itself from the body.
Midline
Centre of the body.
Medial
Closer to the midline.
Lateral
Further away from the body.
Superior
Above or towards the head.
Inferior
Below or towards the head
Body Planes
Mid Sagittal
Frontal plane
Transerve plan
Mid Sagittal
midline
Frontal Plane
Divides the body into anterior and posterior.
Transerve Plane
Divides the body into inferior and superior.
How do muscles move joints?
Muscles are attached to bones and create tension when pulling to move joints.
Isometric
Two types-> concentric and ecceentric
Concentric
The muscle shortens. Resisting Gravity
Eccentric
The muscle lengthens. The muscle controls the movement against an external applied force (Often assisted by gravity)
Isometric
Static muscle work the muscle work the muscle to stay the same and maintain the limb in a position. Resists gravity.
Antagonists
Are muscles that oppose this action and help control the extent and speed of movement. (relaxed)
Primer mover/s or Agonist
When a muscle (or groups of muscles) contracts to produce a movement. (concentrated)
Types of Muscles
Cardiac muscle = This is a heart muscle
Skeletal muscle = The tissue forms the wall of blood vessels and hollow organ
Smooth muscle = This is the muscle that is attached to bone and produces movement at joints.
Flexion
This is the movement that deceases of the angle between the joints.
Extention
This is the movement that increases the angle between to joints.
Abduction
The movement that pulls the body part away from the midline of the body.
Adduction
This movement brings the limb closer to the midline.
Medial rotation
The movement that brings the hand (and anterior arm) near to the midline.
Lateral rotation
The movement that brings the joint away from the midline.
Pronation
Where the radius moves over the Ulna.
Supination
The movement between the proximal and distal joints. Behind the Ulna
Planter flexion
The movement of the ankle to increase the angle between the foot and shin.
Dorsiflexion
The movement of the ankle to decease the angle between the foot and shin.
Eversion
The movement of the foot away from the frontline.
Inversion
The movement of the foot towards from the frontline.
Radial diviation
Palm face and wrist moved away from the midline
Ulnar divination
Palm face and wrist moved towards from the midline
How does the nervous system communicate?
sensory receptors monitor change inside and outside the body (sensory input).
Processing and interpretation of sensory inout (integration)
Cause a response (motor output) by activation of effector organs.
PNS consists of?
Sensory afferent neurones- cary impulse away from periphery to the CNS from sensory receptors (sensory input)
Motor efferent neurone carry impulses from CNS to effector organs e.g muscle (motor output)
What does the Motor division consist of ?
Somatic nervous system- controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
Autonomic nervous system- controls involuntary process e.g heartbeat.
What does the autonomic nervous system consists of?
sympathetic nervous system- predominates stressful situations. ‘fight or flight’. Equips body to respond to when exterior is required. e.g increased heart beat.
parasympathetic nervous system- predominates in activity that occur when body is at rest ‘rest & digest’ w.g decrease heart rate and increase digestive systems.
