Session One Flashcards
What prevents tissues from rotting
Formalin
What do you use to embed tissue in to allow it be sliced thinly ?
Melted paraffin that sets hard when cooled
Two types of stains
Haemotoxylin and Eosin
This stain is blue and stains the nucleus strongly
Haemotoxylin
This stain is pink and stains the cytoplasm and ECM strongly
Eosin
How do you prepares Frozen section
- Freeze surgical specimen immediately at -20 to -30
- Use microtome part of the cryostat ( microtome in freezer) to cut the specimen into thin pieces
- Stain using eosin and haemotoxylin
Normal body temperature range ?
36.1 - 37.2
Core temperature is ?
Temperature of the internal environment
Hypothermia occurs below what temperature ?
35 degrees
What are monoclonal antibodies
Antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell
What are humanised monoclonal antibodies ?
Human antibody plus rat monoclonal antibody which does the binding to the antigen
Integumentary means ?
Protect the body from various kinds of damage
Difference between Gout and Pseudogout ?
Gout is usually in the big toe and knee ; it is an accumulation of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals.
Pseudogout is usually in the knee and is an accumulation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals
Confocal microscopy resembles the imaging process in computed axial tomography scanning ?
True
What is immunohistochemistry
It is the process of detecting antigens in cells of a tissue section by exploiting the fact that antibodies bind to specific antigens
Immunocytochemistry
Range of laboratory techniques used to detect location of antigens
Autoradiography:
Photographic emulsion is used to visualise molecules labelled with a radioactive marker
Light microscopy
1000x magnification and 0.2 micrometers between points
A good resolution must have :
High frequency and short wavelengths
Three types of electron microscopy
Transmission, freeze fracture and scanning
Explain TEM
Electron beam is generated in a vacuum and the beams pass through the tissue.
Dark - beam has been absorbed or scattered
Light - bean has passed through
TEM magnification and resolution ?
Magnification - 250,000
Resolution - 1 nanometer
Light microscope resolution and magnification
Resolution - 0.2 micrometers
Magnification - x1000
Freeze fracture is … ?
When you freeze the sample at -160 and use a knife edge to fracture it.
The fracture line passes through the plasma membrane exposing the interior
( looks metallic )
Explain SEM
Electrons are reflected and received by a Cathie ray tube.
This is the most detailed and it can be coloured
NMR spectroscopy means
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
MRI stand for
Magnetic resonance imaging
Explain NMR Spectroscopy
Magnetic fields around an atom in a molecule changes the resonant frequency and gives details of the electronic structure of a molecule.
