Session One Flashcards

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1
Q

What prevents tissues from rotting

A

Formalin

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2
Q

What do you use to embed tissue in to allow it be sliced thinly ?

A

Melted paraffin that sets hard when cooled

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3
Q

Two types of stains

A

Haemotoxylin and Eosin

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4
Q

This stain is blue and stains the nucleus strongly

A

Haemotoxylin

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5
Q

This stain is pink and stains the cytoplasm and ECM strongly

A

Eosin

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6
Q

How do you prepares Frozen section

A
  1. Freeze surgical specimen immediately at -20 to -30
  2. Use microtome part of the cryostat ( microtome in freezer) to cut the specimen into thin pieces
  3. Stain using eosin and haemotoxylin
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7
Q

Normal body temperature range ?

A

36.1 - 37.2

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8
Q

Core temperature is ?

A

Temperature of the internal environment

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9
Q

Hypothermia occurs below what temperature ?

A

35 degrees

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10
Q

What are monoclonal antibodies

A

Antibodies that are made by identical immune cells that are all clones of a unique parent cell

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11
Q

What are humanised monoclonal antibodies ?

A

Human antibody plus rat monoclonal antibody which does the binding to the antigen

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12
Q

Integumentary means ?

A

Protect the body from various kinds of damage

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13
Q

Difference between Gout and Pseudogout ?

A

Gout is usually in the big toe and knee ; it is an accumulation of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals.

Pseudogout is usually in the knee and is an accumulation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals

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14
Q

Confocal microscopy resembles the imaging process in computed axial tomography scanning ?

A

True

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15
Q

What is immunohistochemistry

A

It is the process of detecting antigens in cells of a tissue section by exploiting the fact that antibodies bind to specific antigens

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16
Q

Immunocytochemistry

A

Range of laboratory techniques used to detect location of antigens

17
Q

Autoradiography:

A

Photographic emulsion is used to visualise molecules labelled with a radioactive marker

18
Q

Light microscopy

A

1000x magnification and 0.2 micrometers between points

19
Q

A good resolution must have :

A

High frequency and short wavelengths

20
Q

Three types of electron microscopy

A

Transmission, freeze fracture and scanning

21
Q

Explain TEM

A

Electron beam is generated in a vacuum and the beams pass through the tissue.

Dark - beam has been absorbed or scattered
Light - bean has passed through

22
Q

TEM magnification and resolution ?

A

Magnification - 250,000

Resolution - 1 nanometer

23
Q

Light microscope resolution and magnification

A

Resolution - 0.2 micrometers

Magnification - x1000

24
Q

Freeze fracture is … ?

A

When you freeze the sample at -160 and use a knife edge to fracture it.

The fracture line passes through the plasma membrane exposing the interior

( looks metallic )

25
Q

Explain SEM

A

Electrons are reflected and received by a Cathie ray tube.

This is the most detailed and it can be coloured

26
Q

NMR spectroscopy means

A

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

27
Q

MRI stand for

A

Magnetic resonance imaging

28
Q

Explain NMR Spectroscopy

A

Magnetic fields around an atom in a molecule changes the resonant frequency and gives details of the electronic structure of a molecule.