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Fixed Prosth > Session 9-17 (Quiz 2) > Flashcards

Session 9-17 (Quiz 2) Flashcards

1
Q

When do we use a FMC?

A

First and second molar

Heavy grinder

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2
Q

Define dental impression

A

A negative imprint of an oral structure used to produce a a positive replica of the structure used as a permanent record or in the production of a dental restoration or prosthesis.

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3
Q

Primary Requirements of clinical impression materials: Sufficiently _____ to adapt to oral tissues

A

Fluid

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4
Q

Primary Requirements of clinical impression materials: Viscous enough to be _____ in a tray

A

Contained

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5
Q

Primary Requirements of clinical impression materials: Able to set to a rubbery or rigid consistency in < ____ min

A

7 min

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6
Q

Primary Requirements of clinical impression materials: ____ ____ enough to allow one or more pourings

A

Dimensionally stable

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7
Q

Primary Requirements of clinical impression materials: ___compatible

A

Biocompatible

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8
Q

Primary Requirements of clinical impression materials: ___ ___ including any associated equipment

A

Cost effective

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9
Q

Elastic material returns to ____ ______

A

Original shape

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10
Q

Plastic (Non-elastric) material undergoes _____ _____

A

Permanent Deformation

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11
Q

What are the two types of impression material?

A

Elastic and non-elastic

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12
Q

What are two subtypes of elastic impression material?

A

Aqueous hydrocolloid

Non-aqueous elastomers

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13
Q

What are two types of aqueous hydrocolloid?

A

Agar (Reversible)

Alginate (irreversible)

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14
Q

Agar is reversible, while alginate is ____

A

Irreversible

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15
Q

What are three types of non-aqueous elastomer?

A

Polysulfide, polyether, polyvinyl siloxane

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16
Q

Define elastomers

A

A group of rubbery polymers which are either chemically or physically cross-linked.

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17
Q

What occurs with final impression material elastomeric when applied stress is released?

A

Can rapidly recover to its original dimensions

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18
Q

Define yield strength

A

The stress at which a test specimen exhibits a specific amount of plastic strain.

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19
Q

Define elastic strain

A

Deformation that is recovered upon removal of an externally applied force or pressure

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20
Q

Define plastic strain

A

Deformation that is not recoverable when the externally applied force is removed.

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21
Q

Define Elastic Modulus

A

Relative stiffness of a material; ratio of elastic stress to elastic strain.

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22
Q

Define viscosity

A

Property of a fluid that tends to prevent it from flowing when subjected to an applied force

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23
Q

____ viscosity fluids resist flow

A

High

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24
Q

____ viscosity fluids flow easily

A

Low

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25
Q

Define Colloid

A

Mixture in which one substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance.

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26
Q

What are the base ingredients in polysulfide impression?

A

Polysulfide polymers
Fillers
Plasticizers

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27
Q

What are the two catalysts of the polysulfide impression material?

A

Lead dioxide

Fillers

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28
Q

What is the byproduct of the polysulfide impression material?

A

Water

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29
Q

Polysulfide impression material is also known as ____ base

A

Rubber base

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30
Q

Polysulfide impression material has the ____ tear strength

A

Highest

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31
Q

Describe working and set time of polysulfide impression material

A

Long working and set time

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32
Q

Why should polysulfide impression material be poured within one hour after setting?

A

Not dimensional stable

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33
Q

What are the two pastes that contain polyether impression material?

A

Base and accelerator

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34
Q

Describe ingredients in polyether impression base paste

A

Polyether polymer
Filler: Colloidal silica
Plasticizer: Glycolether/Phthalate

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35
Q

Describe the ingrediants in polyether impression accelerator paste

A

Contains alkyl-aromatic sulfonate

Filler and plasticizer

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36
Q

Polyether is hydro___

A

Phillic

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37
Q

What can you do with polyether impression material multiple times?

A

Can be poured multiple times

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38
Q

Why is polyether impression material hard to remove from the mouth?

A

It is rigid

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39
Q

What is polyether similar to?

A

PVS

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40
Q

What is the main advantage of polyether compared to PVS?

A

Hydrophilicity

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41
Q

What is the most rigid elastomeric impression material?

A

Polyether

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42
Q

What are two disadvantages of polyether material?

A

It may get locked in patient’s mouth.

High cost

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43
Q

What are the two pastes that condensation PVS comes in?

A

Base and accelerator paste

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44
Q

PVS: What does the base contain?

A

Poly(dimethylsiloxane)

Tetraethylorthosilicate filler

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45
Q

PVS: What does the accelerator paste contain?

A

Metal organic ester

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46
Q

PVS Consistency

A

Putty like; highly viscous

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47
Q

PVS Byproduct

A

Ethanol

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48
Q

PVS is hydro___

A

Phobic

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49
Q

Cost of PVS

A

Inexpensive

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50
Q

What is the most accurate material available?

A

PVS

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51
Q

Define Working time

A

The total time from the start of mixing to the final time at which an impression tray can be fully seated without distortion.

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52
Q

Polyvinyl siloxane: Working time

A

1 min 10 secs

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53
Q

Polyvinyl siloxane: Setting time

A

5 min

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54
Q

Define Setting Time

A

The elapsed time from the start of mixing until the impression material becomes firm enough to resists permanent deformation

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55
Q

What does the setting time represent for elastic impression material?

A

Time at which the impression can be taken out of the mouth

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56
Q

What happens to the poly vinyl siloxane material if the working time is violated?

A

The light body will not set with the tray material, will separate and the impression will be distorted.

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57
Q

PVS comes in what four types of viscosities

A

XLV (Extra light viscosity)
LV (Light viscosity)
Medium
Heavy

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58
Q

What does a lighter viscosity allow material to do?

A

Flow easily into the sulcus and to capture the fine surface detail of the prep

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59
Q

The lighter body material has a ____ tear strength compared to a heavier body

A

Lighter

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60
Q

What does a heavier viscosity provide?

A

Adequate rigidity to prevent distortion and to minimize deformation

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61
Q

Low viscosity -> Light body -> ______ -> Syringeable material

A

Wash

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62
Q

Medium viscosity -> Regular body -> Wash -> ______ Phase

A

Single

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63
Q

High viscosity -> Heavy body -> ____ material -> Single phase

A

Tray material

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64
Q

Very high viscosity -> ______ -> Tray Material

A

Putty

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65
Q

Define Viscoelasticity

A

Property of materials that exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation

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66
Q

When stress is applied how do viscous materials react with time?

A

Resist sheer flow and strain linearly with time

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67
Q

When stress is applied, how do elastic materials react when stress is removed?

A

Strain when stretched and quickly return to their original state once the stress is removed.

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68
Q

Viscoelastic materials exhibit a ____-dependent strain

A

Time

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69
Q

How should PVS impression material be removed to minimize distortion?

A

Quickly to minimize distortion

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70
Q

List out impression material in decreasing flexibility

A

Polysulfides> Condensation silicone > or equal to Addition silicone > or equal to Polyether

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71
Q

List out impression material in decreasing elastic recovery

A

Addition silicone > or equal to condensation silicone > or equal to polyether > polysulfides

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72
Q

Polysulfides have the ____ tear strength

A

Best

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73
Q

Condensation silicones have ____ dimensional stability

74
Q

Addition silicone is the _______ accurate

75
Q

What is the foundation of any successful impression

A

Time management

76
Q

What are two necessary things to do in order to achieve tissue management

A

Bleeding must be controlled.

Ample space must be created for the impression material.

77
Q

What needs to be acceptable before beginning fixed prosthodontic treatment?

A

Periodontal condition

78
Q

What may the patient need to be on prior to the impression being made for 10-14 days?

A

Chlorohexidine

79
Q

What are three requirements that must be considered before making the master impression?

A

Tissue health
Saliva control
Displacement of gingival tissues

80
Q

Tissue health: What do you want to minimize during tooth preparation?

A

Tissue trauma

81
Q

What is critical related to saliva control?

82
Q

What types of instruments/tools can be used to control saliva?

A

LA, Cotton rolls, saliva ejector, dry angle, dry tip

83
Q

What are two examples of medications that can be used to control saliva?

A

Anticholinergics, antihypertensive drugs

84
Q

What type of material may not be affected by moisture?

A

Reversible hydrocolloid

85
Q

What type of drug controls crevicular fluids?

86
Q

What are four things that can stimulate saliva flow?

A

Being in patient’s mouth
Pain
Gingival manipulation
Anxiety

87
Q

What are three methods of gingival tissue displacement?

A

Retraction cord
Laser
Electrosurgery

88
Q

Two types of retraction cords

A
  1. Woven or braided cord impregnated with chemicals (Gingi-pak)
    Knitted (Ultradent) 100% cotton with no impregnated chemicals
89
Q

What is an example of a packing instrument?

A

Fischer’s UltraPak Packers

90
Q

Fischer’s UltraPak Packers: Sizes

A

Regular and small

91
Q

Fischer’s UltraPak Packers: Angles

A

45 and 90 degrees

92
Q

Use of the double cord technique

A

Predictable way to achieve hemostasis and to create space for the impression material to flow beyond the margin

93
Q

What type of cord is packed into the gingival sulcus first?

A

Smaller cord Size 000 or 00

94
Q

What is the purpose of the first packing cord?

A

Achieve hemostasis

Prevent any heme or gingival cervicular fluid from contaminating the tooth surface during impression making procedure

95
Q

How should the first packing cord be cut?

A

Cut to the circumference of the tooth so that there is no extra material above the tissue

96
Q

Where is the large second cord packed

A

Into the sulcus

97
Q

Function of largest packing cord

A

Maximize the retraction of the tissue

98
Q

Purpose of second cord

A

To create space between the tissue and the tooth so the impression material can flow beyond the crown margin in order to facilitate die trimming

99
Q

Length of second cord

A

Should be slightly longer than the circumference of the tooth so that the tail of the cord sticks out for ease of removal

100
Q

Define Hemodent

A

Buffered aluminum chloride hemostatic liquid

101
Q

Function of hemodent

A

Works as a vasoconstrictor that effectively stops minor gingival bleeding

102
Q

What is not in Hemodent to avoid cardiac reaction?

103
Q

What is socked in hemodent prior to packing into the sulcus?

A

Retraction cord

104
Q

Define Viscostat clear

A

Aluminum chloride

105
Q

Difference between hemodent and viscostat clear

A

Viscostat clear is a gel; hemodent is a liquid

106
Q

How are retraction cords used to capture surface detail of tooth?

A

Top cord is removed -> bottom is left in sulcus -> light body impression material is injected into sulcus and around surrounding teeth -> Captures portion of tooth apical to margin as well

107
Q

An acceptable final impression always starts with an _____ crown prep

A

Acceptable

108
Q

What can be used in order to get the opposing arch?

A

Alginate impression

109
Q

Describe a Diode

A

Any device which electricity can flow in one direction

110
Q

Diodes are fabricated out of ______ crystals

A

Semiconductor

111
Q

When do semiconductor crystals emit light?

A

When an electrical current is passed through them and the light can be focuses into a small dot

112
Q

Define electrosurgery

A

Passage of a high frequency current through the tissue from a large electrode to a small electrode

113
Q

What works similar to a microwave?

A

Electrosurgery

114
Q

Electrosurgery uses ____ as medium

A

Electricity

115
Q

Electrosurgery generates ______

116
Q

Electrosurgery:

More power=

A

More damange

117
Q

Electrosurgery:

More recession=

118
Q

Contraindications to electrosurgery

A 
Cardiac patients w/ arrhythmias
Cardiac pacemakers
TENS units 
Insulin pumps
Metal implants
Ortho brackets
119
Q

How should the laser be used in order to minimize tissue trauma?

A

Quick short strokes using the least amt of power

120
Q

Define what is occurring when Mounting

A

Turn the impression into stone and put it on an instrument that simulates the movements of the mouth

121
Q

Three characteristics for Plaster Type I/II

A

B-hemihydrate
Large particles
Irregularly shaped

122
Q

Three characteristics for Stone Type III-V

A

a-hemihydrate
Small particles
Prism/rod shaped

123
Q

Why is more water required when with Plaster Type I/II

A

Because it contains large and irregularly shaped particles

124
Q

The smaller/regularly shaped particles in Stone Types III-V need less water, which can _____ the strength of the stone

125
Q

Which type of plaster used to be used for final impressions of complete dentures?

126
Q

What is an advantage of Type One Plaster

A

It replicated the surface detail of the soft tissue well.

127
Q

Why did we stop the use of Type One Plaster

A

It fell out of favor once elastomeric materials were introduced.

128
Q

What is type II plaster sometimes referred to?

A

Lab plaster

129
Q

What is Type II plaster used for?

A

Investment and processing of the denture

130
Q

Why is Type II Plaster used for devesting of a denture?

A

Because it is a softer stone

131
Q

What is Type III Dental Stone used for?

A

When pouring up final impressions for dentures

132
Q

Why is Type III Dental Stone used for pouring up final impressions for dentures?

A

It is necessary to break the stone in order to recover the denture after processing, and a weaker stone facilitates breaking with minimal distortion upon removal.

133
Q

Type IV Stone has _____ strength and ___ expansion

A

High strength

Low expansion

134
Q

Type IV Stone is referred to as ____

135
Q

What is Type IV stone used for?

A

used in the fabrication of crown and bridge work

136
Q

Why is the hardness of Type IV dental stone preferred?

A

It resists abrasion throughout the fabrication steps

137
Q

Type V has ____ strength and ___ expansion

A

High strength

High expansion

138
Q

What is the extra expansion of Type V Stone used to compensate for?

A

The larger shrinkage upon cooling when a base metal is used.

139
Q

Gypsum: The amounts of water and hemihydrate should be gauged accurately by ______

140
Q

Gypsum: The ratio of water to hemihydrate powder is usually expressed as the ___ ratio

141
Q

Gypsum: As the W/P ratio increases, the setting time ___, the strength of the gypsum ___ and the setting expansion _____

A

Increases; decreases; decreases

142
Q

Example of Type I Plaster

A

Mounting Plaster

143
Q

Example of Type II Plaster

A

Microstone

144
Q

Example of Type III Plaster

A

Snap-stone

145
Q

When the patient has a ____ MIP, the maxillary and mandibular casts will lock in to one position, with no rock.

146
Q

What is the purpose of a bite registration?

A

Assist in mounting the maxillary and mandibular casts together.

147
Q

What is the bite registration also referred to? Why?

A

Jaw relation record; because it helps to relate the jaws to each other accurately.

148
Q

What are some reasons why MIP may not be achievable? What is needed to mount the casts correctly?

A

Flat worn teeth, unable to tripodize due to missing teeth

Bite Registration

149
Q

What can occur if the bite registration is not trimmed?

A

It will not seat fully

150
Q

Why are the casts not a perfect replica of the teeth?

A

Dimensional change with impression material and stone

151
Q

What do you want to trim away on the bite registration in order for the casts to come in contact?

A

Tooth to tooth contacts

152
Q

Why do you not want a bite registration between to contacting teeth that are in stable MIP?

A

It is more accurate to have the stone casts touch each other directly instead.

153
Q

Describe when a record base is needed

A

When there is a rocking or tipping that exists between two casts when not enough teeth are present to tripodize them.

154
Q

What can a record base be made out of?

A

TRIAD UDMA

155
Q

Regisil has a working time of _____ but is not as _____

A

1 Minute; rigid

156
Q

What type of material can be used to make provisional templates because of its faster setting time?

157
Q

_____ sets up extremely firm but has a short working time.

A

Take One Advanced

158
Q

What is Take One Advanced reserved for?

A

Straight forward cases such as single unit crowns

159
Q

What does the pindex system prepare us for?

A

The master cast for crown fabrication

160
Q

What is an advantage of the pindex system?

A

The die can be removed individually for ease of waxing.

161
Q

Pindex System: A properly trimmed die will mimic the ____ form of the prepared tooth

162
Q

On a pindex system, the margin is mixed with a ______ to clearly define the junction of the crown and the tooth.

A

Red Pencil

163
Q

Pindex System: What is added into the die to create space for cement upon delivery of crown?

A

Die Spacer

164
Q

Pindex System: Recommended thickness of die spacer

A

20 to 40 um

165
Q

What is Performed when fabricating a full metal crown?

A

A full contour wax up

166
Q

Define Spruing

A

Involves the flow of molten metal straight from the casting crucible to the pattern area in the ring

167
Q

Where is the sprue attached to?

A

The thickest portion of the wax pattern, usually the nonfunctional cusps 6 mm from the top

168
Q

Define investment

A

Pour investment around the wax pattern

169
Q

When casting multiple restorations, a _____ is added to act as a resevoir for molten metal

A

Runner bar

170
Q

What can occur when a hot spot retains a localized pool of molten metal?

A

Creates shrinkage void or suck back porosity

171
Q

First requirement of an investment

A

Must reproduce precisely the detailed form of the wax pattern

172
Q

Second requirement of an investment

A

Must provide sufficient strength to withstand the heat of burnout and the actual casting of the molten metal

173
Q

Third requirement of an investment

A

Must expand sufficiently to compensate for the solidification shrinkage of the alloy

174
Q

Investment: 25-35% binder ->

A

Provides rigidity

175
Q

Investment: Binder made up of

A

Gypsum, phosphate or ethyl silicate

176
Q

Investment: 65-75% Refractory ->

A

Regulates thermal expansion

177
Q

Investment: Refractory is made out of

178
Q

An investment material is made up of what two things?

A

Binder and refractory material

179
Q

Function of binder

A

Holds ingredients together and provides rigidity.

180
Q

Gypsum is used below ____ degrees celsius

Fixed Prosth (3 decks)

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