Session 8 Flashcards
Enteric
Independent of the CNS
controls the GI tract
Main neurotransmitters
Ach- choligernic
Noradrenaline- noradrenergenic
All pre-ganglion is synapses all cholinergic- Ach+ NaChr- ligand gated
Parasympathetic- cholinergic- Muscarinic- M1-M5
Sympathetic- noradrenergic- Noradrelaine- Alpha, Beta receptors
What are the exceptions in the sympathetic?
Some post-ganglion is are cholinergic
- Sweat glands, pilot reaction
- release AcH that acts on muscarinic AcH receptors
Adrenal gland
Chromaffin cells act as post-ganglionic
When stimulated release adrenaline into the bloodstream
Parasympathetic release of Ach- M2
M2- Heart
Bradycardia
Reduced cardiac conduction velocity
Smooth muscle- M3- parasympathetic
Bronciol contraction Increased intestinal mobility Bladder contraction Penile erection Ciliary muscle
Glandular- M1/M3
Increased sweat/ salivary/ lacrimal secretion
Sympathetic release of noradrenaline- Heart
- Tachycardia- BETA ONE
- Positive intotropy- Beta one
Sympathetic muscle- Smooth
Lungs- B2
BRONCHIOLAR/INTESTINAL/UTERINE relaxation
Bladder sphincter contraction- Alpha1
Radial muscle contraction- ALpha 1
Glandular- sympathetic release
Increased viscous secretion- Alpha2
Kidney- sympathetic release
Renin release-
Basic steps in neurotransmission- drugs acting
4) Degradation of transmitter
5) Interaction with post-synaptic receptors
6) Inactivation of transmitter
7) Re-uptake of transmitter
8) Interaction with pre-synaptic receptors
Acetylcholine synthesis
Acetyl coA+ choline= acteylcholine + coenzyme A
Acetylcholine degradation
Acetylcholine= acetate+ choline
Acetylcholineesterase
For NacHr
Trimethaphan- hypertensive emergencies
Pyrodostigmine- inhibits AchE- treat myasthenia gravis
Donepezil- Alzheimer’s disease
Sludge encountered from
- Drug overdose
- Ingestion of magic mushrooms
- Exposure to organophosphorus insecticides
Which drugs treat sludge?
Atropine
Pralidoximine
Anti-cholinergic agents
Muscarinic receptors agonists
Pilocarpine
MaCh antagonists
Ipatropium
Where is noradrenaline is synthesised?
Tyrosine- dopamine-noradrenaline
Salbutamol and Salmetarol differences
Salbutamol-short acting- has to be taken orally+ concentration, because it can act on cardiac muscle+ increase heart rate
Salmetarol- long acting
What do use for hypertension?
Doxazosin- Alpha one adrenreceptor antagonists
Atenolol- Beta one- adrenoreceptor selective
