Session 8 Flashcards
What is the purpose of Atrioventricular (AV) Valves?
Prevent backflow from ventricles to atria.
What does the Tricuspid Valve prevent?
Backflow from right ventricle (RV) to right atrium (RA).
How many leaflets does the Tricuspid Valve consist of?
Three asymmetrical leaflets: anterior, posterior, and septal.
What supports the Tricuspid Valve?
Three papillary muscles.
What does the Mitral Valve prevent?
Backflow from left ventricle (LV) to left atrium (LA).
How many leaflets does the Mitral Valve consist of?
Two asymmetrical leaflets: anterior and posterior.
What supports the Mitral Valve?
Two papillary muscles and an annulus.
What is the commissure in relation to AV valves?
The junction between the two AV valve leaflets.
What are Chordae Tendineae?
Fibrous cord-like structures supporting AV valves.
What is the function of Chordae Tendineae during systole?
Prevent leaflet collapse.
What happens to the AV valve leaflets during contraction?
They balloon upward resembling a parachute.
What are Papillary Muscles?
Finger-like structures projecting from ventricular wall to attach to valve leaflets.
What is the role of Papillary Muscles during systole?
Contract and pull on chordae tendineae to secure valve leaflets.
What is the purpose of Semilunar Valves?
Prevent backflow from pulmonary artery and aorta to ventricles.
What shape do Semilunar Valves resemble?
Half moons.
What does the Pulmonic Valve prevent?
Backflow from pulmonary artery to RV.
How many leaflets does the Pulmonic Valve contain?
Three symmetrical leaflets.
What does the Aortic Valve prevent?
Backflow from aorta to LV.
What unique feature do the leaflets of the Aortic Valve have?
Nodules of Arantius for valve closure.
What facilitates valve closure and blood supply to myocardium during diastole?
Sinus of Valsalva.
Where does the Right Coronary Artery (RCA) originate?
From right aortic cusp.
What does the Conus artery supply?
Infundibulum of RV.
In what percentage of the population does the Sinoatrial artery occur?
60%.
What does the Right marginal branch supply?
Right ventricular free wall.
What does the Right posterior descending artery supply?
Posterior septum.
What does the AV nodal artery supply?
AV node in 90% of population.
What does a Right Dominant heart configuration imply?
RCA occupies posterior interventricular sulcus (80% of population).
Where does the Left Coronary Artery (LCA) originate?
From left aortic cusp.
What does the Left anterior descending artery (LAD) supply?
Anterior interventricular septum, LV, and apex.
What does the Circumflex artery (LCx) supply?
Posterior heart surface and atrial branch.
What does the Obtuse marginal supply?
LV lateral free wall.
What does a Left Dominant heart configuration imply?
LCx becomes left posterior descending artery (15% of population).
What is Co-dominant in relation to coronary arteries?
Both coronary arteries share posterior interventricular supply.
What are Collateral Arteries?
Tiny arteries interconnecting larger epicardial coronary arteries.
What connects LAD to conus artery?
Circle of Vieussens.
What is Kugel’s artery?
Direct anastomosis of RCA and LCx.
True or False: AV valves prevent backflow from ventricles to atria.
True.
True or False: The Sinus of Valsalva facilitates valve closure.
True.
True or False: In a right dominant heart, the RCA occupies the left ventricular sulcus.
False.
True or False: LCx supplies the LV lateral free wall and anterior papillary muscle of the mitral valve.
True.
