Session 7 - Lecture 1 - HPA Axis and Growth Hormone Flashcards
1 - HPA Axis
The hypothalamic pituitary axis
&
Growth hormone
{Endocrinology. Last week overview to some of the key and common principles that will be relevant to endocrinology lectures- carrying on with that theme
Key controller of endocrine system – HPA – important that all of you have a v thorough understanding of the HPA and the hormonal products that are produced by these 2 components. I don’t ask you to memorise and learn many lists in this unit but these are some of the key names you need to know:
- need to list all the hormones of the A and P pituitary glands and
- all of the hypothalamus ones that will regulate them
if you know endocrinology as a whole that list will become natural to you.}
2 - Learning outcomes
Learning outcomes
- Understand the relationship between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland (anterior & posterior)
- Name the hormones produced by the hypothalamus (6+2) and briefly describe their biological roles
- Name the hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland (6) and briefly describe their biological roles
- Describe the factors controlling GH secretion (long and short loop negative feedback)
- Describe how GH exerts its effects on cells (direct and IGF mediated)
{1. 2 components hypo and PG (further 2 components) - they have diff hormonal products but also differences in how the secretion of how those hormonal products are regulated.
2 & 3. Should be able to name all the hormonal products.
4. 1 example of HPA in terms of GH - look at physiological relevance of GH and regulation of its secretion.}
3 - The hypothalamic pituitary axis
The hypothalamic pituitary axis
The hypothalamus and pituitary gland form a complex functional unit that serves as the major link between the endocrine and nervous systems
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland sits beneath the hypothalamus in a socket of bone called the sella turcica
{HPA touched upon in BL – key link between two communication systems of the body. Link between those 2 systems is at the level of the HPA.
Hypothalamus – hypo – underneath – thalamus – situated at the base of the skull.
Physical connection between PPG & hypo – actually the same tissue (embryonic dvlpmnt – infundibulum drops from hypo and forms PPG – neurons travelling from hypo to PPG.)
sella turcica – Turkish saddle – that’s in the sphenoid bone – in order to treat some pituitary disorders, adenomas, a type of surgery is performed to give access – transsphenoidal surgery – go through NC drill through sphenoid bone to reach PG to operate on adenomas}
4 - HPA processes
The hypothalamus and pituitary gland modulate a wide variety of processes.
- Body growth
- Reproduction
- Adrenal gland function
- Water homeostasis
- Milk secretion
- Lactation
- Thyroid gland function
- Puberty
{1. GH
- LH & FSH released from APG – SEM3
- Adrenal gland function will be covered in lecture of adrenal cortex.
- Water homeostasis touched upon last week (ADH – touch again briefly on that today).
- oxytocin
- prolactin
- lecture later in this unit of thyroid gland
- Puberty = reproductive endocrinology next year in Repro.
We can see it’s a v central control aspect of physiology that the HPA regulate.}
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