Session 7 - Common shoudler conditons Flashcards

1
Q

Fractures of the Scapula

If these fractures occur, what are they an indication of?

A

An indication of severe chest trauma

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2
Q

Fractures of the Scapula

Where are this fractures frequently seen?

A

They are frequently seen in

  • high-speed road collisions
  • crushing injuries
  • high impact sports injuries
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3
Q

Fractures of the Scapula

Why does this fracture not typically require fixation?

A

It does require fixation because the tone of the surrounding muscles hold the fragments in place whilst healing occurs

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4
Q

Fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus

How does this fracture normally arise?

A
  • Blunt trauma to the shoulder

- From falling on an outstretched hand

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5
Q

Fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus

What are the 2 key neurovascular structures at risk here?

A
  • The axillary nerve

- The posterior circumflex humeral artery

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6
Q

Fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus

What does damage to the axillary nerve result in?

A
  • Result in paralysis of the deltoid and teres minor muscles
  • Patients will have difficulty performing abduction of the affected limb
  • Sensation in the skin over the insertion of the deltoid muscle will be impaired
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7
Q

Ruptures of the Biceps Tendon

What type of individuals do these ruptures take place and where?

A

Over the age of 50 - following quite minimal trauma - long head of biceps rupture near to its scapular origin

Weightlifters - distal tendon of biceps snaps near to its insertion

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8
Q

Ruptures of the Biceps Tendon

What does the patient report and why don’t they notice much weakness?

A
  • heard something snap in the shoulder whilst lifting
  • not notice much weakness in the upper limb because the action of the brachialis (flexion at the elbow and shoulder joint and supination at the radioulnar joint) are intact
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9
Q

Ruptures of the Biceps Tendon

What is the popeye sign?

A

A characteristic of a ruptured bicep tendon
- flexion of the arm at the elbow produces a frim lump in the lower part of the arm –> this is the unopposed contracted muscle belly of the biceps

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10
Q

Dislocated shoulder

Features of a dislocated shoulder

A
  • visibly deformed
  • visible swelling
  • bruising around the shoulder
  • movement will be severely restricted
    (Loss of function)
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11
Q

Dislocated shoulder

In which direction does 90-95% of shoulder dislocation occur? Why?

A

Anteroinferiorly, anterior

  • the glenohumeral joint is weak at its inferior aspect
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12
Q

Dislocated shoulder

Give examples of 2 types of anterior dislocation

A

In the Subcoracoid location 60% of cases - dislocation anteriorly due to the lull of the muscles and situation of the anterior capsule and ligaments

In the subglenoid location 30% of cases - head of humerus come to lie anterior-inferior to the glenoid

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13
Q

Dislocated shoulder

What is the mechanism of a anterior/ anterior-inferior dislocation?

A
  • fall; direct or indirect

- direct blow to the posterior shoulder

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14
Q

Dislocated shoulder

Anterior dislocation

What is a Bankart lesion?

A

When the force of the humeral head popping out of the socket cause a part of the glenoid labrum to be torn off and there is a stretch of the glenohumeral ligaments

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15
Q

Shoulder dislocation

Anterior dislocation

What is a Bony bankart lesion?

A

When a bit of Bone as well as a bit of the glenoid labrum is torn off when the head of the humerus is popped out of the glenoid cavity/ fossa

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