Session 5

Question 1

reasoning is a relativley overt, verbal way of using information to reach conclusions.

Answer 1

Inference

Question 2

All reasoning moves from _____ to _______

Answer 2

Premises to conclusions

Question 3

____ state initial assumptions and information; the conclusion is what is being established.

Answer 3

Premises

Question 4

Together, ____ and _____ constitue an argument

Answer 4

Premises and conclusions

Question 5

____ is the formal study of reasoning, with related methods and prescriptions.

Answer 5

Logic

Question 6

Reasoning is closely associated with the notion of ____

Answer 6

Rationality

Question 7

To be _____ is to have good reasons for one’s beliefs and actions

Answer 7

rational

Question 8

______, closely associated with logic draws out the logical implications of a set of premises.

Answer 8

deduction

Question 9

Deductive reasoning operates within a _______

Answer 9

“Closed world” and is purely formal

Question 10

Deductive arguments can be expressed entirely of_____

Answer 10

symbols

Question 11

Deduction is the only form of reasoning that carries a ______

Answer 11

truth guarentee

Question 12

Validity has to do with _______

Answer 12

whether the rules of deduction have been followed

Question 13

A valid deductive argument can have a _____

Answer 13

false conclusion

Question 14

An invalid deductive argument can have a _______

Answer 14

true conclusion

Question 15

Arguments that use true premises and valid reasoning to reach conclusions are ______

Answer 15

Sound

Question 16

A _____ is a statement that can either be true or false

Answer 16

Proposition

Question 17

Denoted by &;, “A&B” is true if only A and B are true

Answer 17

Conjunction

Question 18

The “or” connective, denoted by “v”, “A v B” is true if and only if either A or B or both are true

Answer 18

Disjunction

Question 19

The “not” qualifier. denoted by “-“ “-A” is true if and only if A is false

Answer 19

Negation

Question 20

“A & -A”. Are always false since they encompass statements that are inconsistent , they both can not be true

Answer 20

Contradiction

Question 21

“A v -A” are always true, hence uninformative

Answer 21

Tautology

Question 22

Example of tautology

Answer 22

That bachelor over there is not married