Session 4 ILOs - Nurition & Diet Flashcards

1
Q

List the essential components of the diet

A
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fat
Minerals & Vitamins
Water 
Fibre
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2
Q

Define the components of daily energy expenditure (defining basal metabolic rate)

A

Basal metabolic rate is the energy required to maintain the resting activities of the body

  1. Maintenance of cells - ion transport & biochemical reactions
2. Function of organs
30% - skeletal muscle (never fully relaxed)
20% - brain/CNS
20% - liver
10% - heart
20% - 'other'
  1. Maintaining body temperature
    Between 36.5-37.5
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3
Q

Describe the factors involved in the regulation of body weight (when does body mass change)

A

Energy intake VS energy expenditure
Energy intake > energy expenditure = weight gain
Energy intake < energy expenditure = weight loss

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4
Q

Give the body mass index (BMI) equation and interpret the different value categories

A
BMI = weight (kg) / height (m)²
Underweight =         < 18.5
Desirable weight =  18.5-25 
Overweight =           25-30
Obese =                   30-35
Severely obese =    > 35
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5
Q

Explain the clinical consequences of protein & energy deficiency - in adults & children

A

In adults:
Energy deficiency - causes weight loss due to subcutaneous fat and muscle wasting. Complain of cold and weakness and infections of the GI tract & lungs are common
Protein deficiency - leads to symptoms of fatigue and weakness, recurrent viral or bacterial infections, brittle nails and dry skin etc.

In children:
Energy deficiency - Marasmus where the child is emanciated with muscle wasting but no oedema. Hair is thin and dry, diarrhoea is common and anaemia may be present
Protein deficiency - Kwashiorkor occurs when a child is fed carbohydrates low in protein, rather than breast milk (displaced by young sibling). Pitting oedema, hepatomegaly. Low a.a. to make albumin, then decreases plasma oncotic pressure causing oedema

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6
Q

List the 9 essential amino acids (naming the pneumonic) & 3 a.a. that you need more of in children & pregnancy

A
I - Isoleucine
L - Lysine
Th - Threonine
H - Histidine
L - Leucine
M - Methionine
P - Phenylalanine
T - Trytophan
V - Valine

(Extras)
C - Cystine
A - Argenine
T - Tyrosine

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