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Integration for Clinical Application > Session 4: Dermatology > Flashcards

Session 4: Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

History of presenting complaint in dermatological disease.

A

Initial appearance and then its evolution.

Symptoms such as itch or pain.

Aggravating factors and relieving factors

Previous and current treatments

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2
Q

Past medical history in a patient with dermatological disease.

A

Systemic diseases

History of atopy

History of skin cancer or pre-cacner

History of sunburn/sunbathing/sun-bed use

Skin type

Social history

Drug history

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3
Q

How is a pigmented lesion described? (ABCD)

A

Asymmetry

Border (irregular or blurred/defined or ill-defined)

Colour

Diameter

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4
Q

How is a skin complaint described? (SCAM)

A

Site and distribution/Size and shape

Colour

Associated changes

Morphology

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5
Q

How is this described?

A

Generalised

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6
Q

How is this described?

A

Flexural

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7
Q

How is this described?

A

Extensoral

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8
Q

How is this described?

A

Photosensitive

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9
Q

How is this described?

A

Discrete

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10
Q

How is this described?

A

Confluent

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11
Q

How is this described?

A

Linear

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12
Q

How is this described?

A

Target

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13
Q

How is this described?

A

Erythematous

Blanching

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14
Q

How is this described?

A

Purpuric

Non-blanching

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15
Q

How is this described?

A

Hyperpigmentation/pigmented

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16
Q

How is this described?

A

Hypopigmentation

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17
Q

How is this described?

A

Scaly

Due to build up of keratin

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18
Q

How is this described?

A

Crust

Due to dried exudate

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19
Q

How is this described?

A

Excoriation

Erosion from scratching

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20
Q

How is this described?

A

Erosion/Ulceration

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21
Q
A

Macule

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22
Q
A

Papule

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23
Q
A

Patch

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24
Q
A

Plaque

25
Q
A

Nodule

26
Q
A

Vesicle

(filled with serous/water)

27
Q
A

Pustule

(filled with pus)

28
Q
A

Bulla

(just a large vesicle > 1 cm)

29
Q

Describe appearance

A

Annular

30
Q

Describe appearance

A

Wheal

31
Q
A

Discoid/nummular

32
Q
A

Comedone

(Either closed or open)

Open = blackhead

Closed = whitehead

33
Q
A

Patchy alopecia

34
Q
A

Diffuse alopecia

35
Q
A

Hypertrichosis

36
Q
A

Hirsutism

37
Q
A

Koilonychia

38
Q
A

Pitting

39
Q
A

Onycholysis

40
Q
A

Clubbing

41
Q

Name condition

A

Erythroderma

42
Q

Functions of the skin

A

Protective barrier against environmental insult

Temp reg

Sensation

Vit D synthesis

Immunosurveillance

Cosmesis

43
Q

Complications of erythroderma

A

It is described as a total skin failure where there will be impairments of each function of the skin:

Hypothermia

Infection

Renal failure (insensible loss)

High output cardiac failure due to dilated skin vessels

Protein malnutrition because there is a high turnover of skin

44
Q

Causes of erythroderma

A

Psoriasis

Eczema

Drugs

Cutaneous T cell lymphoma

45
Q

Symptoms of erythroderma

A

Pruritus

Fatigue

Anorexia

Feeling cold

46
Q

Signs of erythroderma

A

Erythematous

Thickened skin

Inflamed skin

Scaly skin

No sparing skin

47
Q

Cell types of epidermis

A

Keratinocytes (protective)

Langerhan cells (APCs)

Melanocytes (protection against UV)

Merkel cells (sensation)

48
Q

Layers of the epidermis

A

Straum basale

Stratum spinosum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum corneum

And also stratum lucidum in thick skin.

49
Q

Turnover time of skin

A

30 days

50
Q

Composition of dermis

A

Collagen

Elastin

Glycosaminoglycans

This provides strength and elasticity to the skin.

It also contains immune cells, nerve cells, skin appendages, lymphatics and blood vessels.

51
Q

Explain the properties of the sebaceous glands.

A

Produce sebum through hair follicles.

This is done in order to lubricate the skin and will first become active after puberty.

They are stimulated by the conversion of androgen to DHT.

52
Q

Give an example of a condition that can arise from too much sebum production.

A

Acne vulgaris

53
Q

Function of the eccrin and apocrine glands.

A

Regulate body temp.

54
Q

Innervation of the glands.

A

Sympathetics

55
Q

Where can eccrine glands be found?

A

Widespread throughout the body

56
Q

Where can the apocrine glands be found?

A

After puberty at and around axillae, areolae, genitalia and anus.

57
Q

3 main types of hair.

A

Lanugo

Vellum

Terminale

58
Q

Growth cycle of hair.

A

Anagen

Catagen

Telogen

59
Q

What is this?

A

Melanonychia

Can be malignant melanoma

Integration for Clinical Application (11 decks)

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