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BDS3 Clinical Endo > Session 4 > Flashcards

Session 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the design objectives for endodontics? (3)

A
  • Create continuously tapering funnel shape
  • Maintain apical foramen in original position
  • Keep apical opening as small as possible
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2
Q

What is the sequential process of endodontic treatment? (5)

A
  • Coronal access to the root canal system
  • Root canal instrumentation and preparation (shaping of the canal)
  • Obturation of the root canal system
  • Coronal seal
  • Final restoration
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3
Q

In terms of access what is essential for successful endodontics?

A
  • Good access is essential

- Without good access we will not have adequate access to obtain good instrumentation and irrigation to occur

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4
Q

What is the access cavity shape for a maxillary 1st premolar?

A
  • Ovoid access cavity

- Because generally there is a couple of roots with predominance of 2 canals - one in each root

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5
Q

What % of maxillary 1st premolars have 1 canal?

A

6%

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6
Q

What % of maxillary 1st premolars have 2 canals?

A

93%

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7
Q

What % of maxillary 1st premolars have 3 canals?

A

1%

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8
Q

What is the access cavity shape for a maxillary 2nd premolar?

A
  • Ovoid access
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9
Q

What % of maxillary 2nd premolars have 1 canal?

A

75%

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10
Q

What % of maxillary 2nd premolars have 2 canals?

A

24%

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11
Q

What % of maxillary 2nd premolars have 3 canals?

A

1%

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12
Q

What is the access cavity shape for a maxillary first molar?

A
  • Access cavity tends to be more mesially placed and is a quadrilateral shape to allow you to gain access to the MB2
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13
Q

How many roots do we tend to have in a maxillary first molar?

A

Tend to have 3 roots

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14
Q

What % of maxillary first molars have 3 canals?

A

7%

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15
Q

What % of maxillary first molars have 4 canals?

A

93%

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16
Q

Which root of a maxillary 1st molar tends to have 2 canals?

A
  • The mesio-buccal root
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17
Q

What is the access cavity shape like for a maxillary 2nd molar?

A
  • Quadrilateral/triangular shape - slightly more mesially positioned and allows us to get access to the root canal system
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18
Q

How many roots are there in a maxillary 2nd molar?

A
  • 3 roots
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19
Q

What % of maxillary 2nd molars have 3 canals?

A

63%

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20
Q

What % of maxillary 2nd molars have 4 canals?

A

37%

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21
Q

Which root of a maxillary 2nd molar tends to have 2 canals?

A

The mesio-buccal root

22
Q

How many roots does a mandibular 1st premolar usually have?

A

1

23
Q

What % of mandibular 1st premolars have 1 root canal?

A

73%

24
Q

What % of mandibular 1st premolars have 2 root canals?

A

27%

25
Q

How many roots does a mandibular 2nd premolar usually have?

A

1

26
Q

What % of mandibular 2nd premolars have 1 root canal?

A

85%

27
Q

What % of mandibular 2nd premolars have 1 root canal?

A

15%

28
Q

How many roots does a mandibular 1st molar usually have?

A

2-3

29
Q

What % of mandibular 1st molars have 3 root canals?

A

67%

30
Q

What % of mandibular 1st molars have 3 root canals?

A

33%

31
Q

What is Radix Entomolaris?

A

The presence of an additional distobuccal root in the mandibular molars

32
Q

How many roots does a mandibular 2nd molar usually have?

A

2

33
Q

What % of mandibular 2st molars have 2 root canals?

A

13%

34
Q

What % of mandibular 2nd molars have 3 root canals?

A

79%

35
Q

What % of mandibular 2nd molars have 4 root canals?

A

8%

36
Q

If a root canal treatment isn’t going to plan what should you do?

A
  • If it isn’t going to plan - stop, reassess and maybe modify depth, position or angulation
37
Q

What is one danger when de-roofing a pulp chamber?

A
  • You can damage the floor of the pulp chamber

so we use safe ended burs

38
Q

How do we remove the pulp roof with an endo Z bur?

A
  • Remove using lateral movement
39
Q

What does safe removal of roof of pulp chamber to gain access to all canals provide a reservoir for?

A
  • Provides a reservoir for irrigants during instrumentation
40
Q

How do we get straight line access?

A
  • Once we have identified the orifice have to then ensure we have straight line access
  • Often have a lip of dentine that is present just at the lip of the orifice that is going to interfere potentially with developing straight line access
  • So what we have to do is look at modifying the dentinal wall so we can improve straight line access
  • Straight line access is straight access to the first point of curvature or the apex - whichever comes first
41
Q

What happens if we don’t gain straight line access?

A
  • If don’t develop SLA - we put increased stress on the instrument which may lead to deformation or fracture but also then risk mishaps in canal shaping such as ledges or perforations
42
Q

What bur would we use to improve straight line access?

A
  • Gates Glidden burs
  • Don’t use a gates 1 bur but can use 2, 3, 4 etc
  • Don’t go too deep into the canal with these
43
Q

What is the tip size of a gates-glidden 1?

A

0.7

44
Q

What is the tip size of a gates-glidden 2?

A

0.9

45
Q

What is the tip size of a gates-glidden 3?

A

1.10

46
Q

What is the tip size of a gates-glidden 4?

A

1.30

47
Q

What is the tip size of a gates-glidden 5?

A

1.50

48
Q

What is an X-gate bur?

A
  • Combination of GG burs

- Allows us to make a shape but with a single instrument

49
Q

What GG size is equivalent to the tip size of an X-gate?

A
  • Gates 1
50
Q

What GG size is equivalent to the maximum diameter of an X-gate?

A
  • Gates 4
51
Q

What GG size is equivalent to the shank of an X-gate?

A
  • Gates 3
52
Q

Where is the point of weakness on an X-gate bur?

A
  • At the end of the shank furthest away from the tip

BDS3 Clinical Endo (6 decks)

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