Session 4 Flashcards
What are the basic components of the central nervous system?
- Cerebral hemispheres
- Brainstem and cerebellum
- Spinal cord
What are the components of the peripheral nervous system?
- Dorsal and ventral roots
- Spinal nerves
- Peripheral nerves
What forms the myelin sheath in the CNS and PNS?
- Oligodendrocyte in the CNS
- Schwaan cells in the PNS
How does the CNS and PNS regenerate?
- PNS regenraate by wallerian regeneration
- CNS does not regenerate
The PNS is more sophisticated than the CNS. True/False
False. The CNS is more sophisticated
What are the immune mechanism in the PNS and CNS?
- The PNS has the peripheral immune responses
- The CNS has the microglia cells which help it fight pathogens. It isn’t affected by the rest of the immune system as fluid build up in the small space is harmful
Which portion of the brain is the dorsal?
The superior part of the hemisphere
Which portion of the brain is the ventral?
The inferior part of the hemisphere
What does the midbrain control?
- Eye movements
- Reflex responses to sound and vision
What does the pons of the brain control?
- Feeding
- Sleep
What does the medulla of the brain control?
- Cardiovascular and respiratory centres of the brain
- Contains a major motor pathway called the medullary pyramids
How is the body controlled by the brain?
Contralateral side of the brain control the body
Left side of the cortex control the right side of the body
What is an important sulcus and what are the structures lieing anterior and posterior to it?
Central sulcus
- Precentral gyrus - control of motor function
- Post central gyrus - control somatosensory functions
What is gyrus?
A ridge or a fold in the brain
What is a fissure?
A large crack or split between adjacent area of the brain
What is a sulcus?
A groove or furrow in the bread separating adjacent gyri
What is the purpose of the frontal lobe?
- Higher cognition
- Motor function
- Speech
What is the purpose of the parietal lobe?
- Sensation
- Spatial awareness
What is the purpose of the temporal lobe?
- Memory
- Smell
- Hearing
What is the purpose of the occipital lobe?
Vision
What is the purpose of the cerebellum?
- Co-ordination
- Motor learning
What is the optic chiasm?
-A site where fibres in then visual system cross over
What is the clinical significance of the uncus?
-Part of the temporal lobe that can herniate compressing the midbrain
What are the medullary pyramids?
-Location of descending motor fibres
What is the corpus callosum?
-Fibres connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
What is the function of the thalamus?
-Sensory relay station projecting to sensory cortex
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
-Essential centre for homeostasis
Where is the common site of atherosclerosis in the common carotid artery?
Near the bifurcation of the arteries into the external and internal carotid artery
How can an atheleorscelrotic plaque in the internal carotid artery cause transient vision loss?
Ophthalmic artery is given of the internal carotid artery which result in vision loss due to lack of blood supply
What do the ventricles in the brain appear as in a CT scan?
-Appears black
Damage to the right cerebellum results in what on which side of the body?
- Right side
- Loss of sensory function
- Loss of motor function
