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MSK > Session 3.1 Anatomy Of TheHip > Flashcards

Session 3.1 Anatomy Of TheHip Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 bones is the hip bone made up of ?

A

1) ilium
2) pubis
3) ischium

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2
Q

in a child , what are these three bones ( ILium pubis and ischium) separated by ?

A

Triradiate cartilage

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3
Q

When is fusion of the three bones that make up the hip bone complete ?

A

20-25 year old.

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4
Q

What are the three main articulations in hip joints ?

A

1) pubic symphysis
2) hip joint
3) sacroiliac joint

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5
Q

What is the sacroiliac joint ?

A

An articulation between the sacrum and the ilium bones.

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6
Q

What is the pubic symphysis?

A

An articulation between the left and right hip bone

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7
Q

What is the hip joint ?

A

An articulation between the hip. Bones and the head of the femur

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8
Q

What part of the hip bone is the largest and widest part ? And is located superiorly

A

Ilium

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9
Q

What is the shape of the internal surface of the ilium ?

A

Concave shape - which produces the iliac fossa which is the origin of the iliacus muscle

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10
Q

What is the shape of the external surface of the ilium ?

A

Convex shape and provides attachment to the gluteal muscles.

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11
Q

What is the superior margin of the ilium called ?

A

Iliac crest

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12
Q

What is the most anterior portion of the hip bone ?

A

The pubis.

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13
Q

What does the pubis consist of ?

A

1) a body
2) A superior ramus
3) An inferior ramus

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14
Q

Where would you find the superior pubic ramus ?

A

This extends laterally from the pubic body to the acetabulum.

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15
Q

Where would you find the inferior pubic ramus ?

A

This extends laterally for, the pubic body join with the inferior inferior ischial ramus to form the ischipubic ramus.

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16
Q

What does the obturator foramen allow through ?

A

The obturator nerve , artery and the vein which reach the lower limb.

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17
Q

What does the posteroinferior aspect of the ischium form ?

A

The ischial tuberosity.

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18
Q

When you are sitting upright in a chair , what are you sitting on ?

A

Ischial tuberosity.

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19
Q

When does fusion of the 3 bones ( ilium , ishicum and pubis) begin ?

A

15-17 years old,

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20
Q

What helps to strengthen the ball and socket joint of the hip ?

A

1) ACETABULAR LABRUM : which is a rim that attaches to the acetabulum. This is a fibrocartilagnous rim. This increases articular contact area by 10% so more than 50% of the femur fits into the acetabulum.
2) JOINT CAPSULE : capsular fibres take a spiral course. During extension , the capsule helps to pull the femur into the acetabulum. This is strengthened by three ligaments that also form part of the capsule.

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21
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

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22
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

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23
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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24
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

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25
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

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26
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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27
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

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28
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

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29
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

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30
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

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31
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
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32
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
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33
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
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34
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
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35
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
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36
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

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37
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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38
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
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39
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

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40
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

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41
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

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42
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

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43
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

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44
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

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45
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

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46
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

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47
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

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48
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

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49
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

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50
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

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51
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

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52
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

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53
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

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54
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

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55
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

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56
Q

What is the main blood supply to the femoral head ?

A

Deep femoral artery which branches off into medial circumflex and lateral circumflex artery.

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57
Q

Why is an intracapsular femoral neck fracture very harmful ?

A

This can tear retinacular arteries which can result in avascular necrosis of the femoral head

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58
Q

What can cause the superior gluteal nerve damage ?

A

Hip surgery , injections to button , fracture of greater trochanter, dislocation of hip joint.

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59
Q

What can damage to the superior gluteal nerve result in ?

A

Weakened abduction of lower limb , abrnomal stance phase of gait cycle ,

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60
Q

What can you do to try and diagnose a patient who may have had their superior gluteal nerve damaged

A
  • ask patient to fixate one of their legs , if their leg is damaged , their GOOD leg would ‘say’.
  • which would indicate that their other leg would be the one with the damaged superior gluteal nerve.

THIS IS CALLED THE TRENDELENBURG SIGN .

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61
Q

How would you administer intramuscular injections in the gluteal region?

A
  • it is essential to avoid injury to the sciatic nerve region
    1) DORSOGLUTEAL SITE : used in children between the ages of 3-7 years. ( upper outer quadrant - usually gluteus maximus)
    2) VENTROGLUTEAL SITE : place the palm of your hand over the greater trochanter of the femur. Point your thumb towards the inguinal region and your index finger towards the anterior superior iliac crest. Spread your index and middle fingers to make a V and carefully inject between the joints of your fingers into the gluteas medius muscle.
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62
Q

How can you tell whether the femur is the posterior or anterior face ?

A
  • because the posterior face of the femur has the line of aspera down the mid line of the femoral shaft. Also , they have an intertrochanteric crest , whereas the anterior surface has an intertrochanteric line.
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63
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

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64
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

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65
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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66
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

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67
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

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68
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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69
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

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70
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

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71
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

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72
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

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73
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
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74
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
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75
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
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76
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
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77
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
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78
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

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79
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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80
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
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81
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

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82
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

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83
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

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84
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

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85
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

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86
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

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87
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

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88
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

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89
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

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90
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

How well did you know this?
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91
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

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92
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

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93
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

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94
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

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95
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

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96
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

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97
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

How well did you know this?
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98
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

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99
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

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100
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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101
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

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102
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

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103
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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104
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

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105
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

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106
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

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107
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

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108
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
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109
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
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110
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
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111
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
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112
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
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113
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

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114
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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115
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
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116
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

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117
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

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118
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

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119
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

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120
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

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121
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

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122
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

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123
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

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124
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

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125
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

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126
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

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127
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

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128
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

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129
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

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130
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

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131
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

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132
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

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133
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

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134
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

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135
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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136
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

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137
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

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138
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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139
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

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140
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

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141
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

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142
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

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143
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
How well did you know this?
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144
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
145
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
How well did you know this?
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2
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146
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
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147
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
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148
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

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149
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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150
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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151
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
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5
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152
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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153
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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154
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

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155
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

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156
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

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157
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

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158
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

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159
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

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160
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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161
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

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162
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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163
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

How well did you know this?
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164
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

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165
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

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166
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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167
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

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168
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

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169
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

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170
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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171
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

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172
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

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173
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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174
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

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175
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
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5
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176
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

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177
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

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178
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
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5
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179
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
180
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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181
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
How well did you know this?
1
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3
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182
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
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5
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183
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

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184
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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3
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185
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
186
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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187
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
188
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
189
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

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190
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

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191
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

How well did you know this?
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2
3
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192
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
193
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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194
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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195
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
196
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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197
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
198
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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199
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

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200
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

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201
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
202
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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203
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

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3
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204
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

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205
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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3
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206
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

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1
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2
3
4
5
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207
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

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208
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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209
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

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210
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

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211
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

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212
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

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213
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
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214
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
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215
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
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216
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
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217
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
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218
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

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219
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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220
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
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221
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

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222
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

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223
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

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224
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

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225
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

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226
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

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227
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

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228
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

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229
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

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230
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

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231
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

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232
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

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233
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

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234
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

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235
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

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236
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

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237
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

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238
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

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239
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

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240
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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241
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

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242
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

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243
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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244
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

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245
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

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246
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

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247
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

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248
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
How well did you know this?
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2
3
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249
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
250
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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251
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
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252
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
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253
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

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254
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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255
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
256
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
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5
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257
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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258
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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259
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

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260
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

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261
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

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262
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

How well did you know this?
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2
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5
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263
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

How well did you know this?
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2
3
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264
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

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2
3
4
5
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265
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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266
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

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267
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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268
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

How well did you know this?
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269
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

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270
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

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271
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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272
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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273
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

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274
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

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275
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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276
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

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2
3
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277
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

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278
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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279
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

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280
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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281
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

How well did you know this?
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3
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282
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

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283
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
284
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
285
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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286
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
How well did you know this?
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2
3
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5
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287
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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288
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

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289
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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2
3
4
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290
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
291
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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292
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
293
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
294
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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295
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

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296
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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297
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
298
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
299
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
300
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
301
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
302
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
303
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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304
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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305
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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306
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
307
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
308
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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309
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
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5
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310
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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1
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2
3
4
5
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311
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
312
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

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313
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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2
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314
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

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315
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

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1
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2
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316
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

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317
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

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318
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

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319
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

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320
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

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321
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

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322
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

How well did you know this?
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3
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5
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323
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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324
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

How well did you know this?
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2
3
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5
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325
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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326
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

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327
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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328
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

How well did you know this?
1
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329
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

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330
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

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331
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

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332
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

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1
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2
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333
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
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5
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334
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
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2
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5
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335
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
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5
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336
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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337
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

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338
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
How well did you know this?
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339
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
How well did you know this?
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340
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
How well did you know this?
1
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2
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341
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
How well did you know this?
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2
3
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5
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342
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
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343
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

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344
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

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345
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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346
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

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347
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

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348
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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349
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

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350
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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351
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

How well did you know this?
1
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352
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

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353
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
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5
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354
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
355
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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356
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
357
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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358
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

How well did you know this?
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359
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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360
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
361
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
362
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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363
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
364
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
365
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
366
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
367
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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368
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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369
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

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370
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
371
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
372
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
373
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
374
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
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5
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375
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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376
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
377
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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378
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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379
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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380
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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381
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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382
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

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383
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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384
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

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385
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
386
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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387
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

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388
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
389
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
390
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
391
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
392
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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393
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
394
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
395
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
396
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
397
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
398
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
399
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
400
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
401
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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402
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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403
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

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1
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2
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404
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
405
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
406
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
407
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
408
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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409
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
410
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
411
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
412
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
413
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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414
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
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5
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415
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
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2
3
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416
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
417
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

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418
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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419
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

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420
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

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421
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

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422
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

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423
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

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424
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

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425
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

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426
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

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427
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

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428
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

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429
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

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430
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

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431
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

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432
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

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433
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

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434
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

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435
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

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436
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

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437
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
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438
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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439
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

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440
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
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441
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
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442
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
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443
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
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444
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
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445
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

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446
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

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447
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

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448
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

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449
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

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450
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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451
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

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452
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

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453
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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454
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

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455
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

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456
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

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457
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

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458
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

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459
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

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460
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

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461
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

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2
3
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5
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462
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

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1
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2
3
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5
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463
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

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464
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

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465
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

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466
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
4
5
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467
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

How well did you know this?
1
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468
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

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469
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

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470
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

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471
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
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5
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472
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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473
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
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5
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474
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
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5
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475
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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476
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

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477
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
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2
3
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478
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
How well did you know this?
1
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2
3
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5
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479
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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480
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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481
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
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1
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2
3
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482
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

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483
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

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484
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

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485
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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486
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

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3
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487
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

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488
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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489
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

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490
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
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5
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491
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

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492
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

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493
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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494
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
495
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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496
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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497
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
498
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

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499
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

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3
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500
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
501
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

502
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

503
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

504
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

505
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

506
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

507
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

508
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

509
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

510
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

511
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

512
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

513
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

514
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

515
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

516
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

517
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

518
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

519
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

520
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

521
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

522
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

523
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

524
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

525
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

526
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

527
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

528
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
529
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
530
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
531
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
532
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
533
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

534
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

535
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
536
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

537
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

538
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

539
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

540
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

541
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

542
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

543
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

544
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

545
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

546
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

547
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

548
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

549
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

550
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

551
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

552
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

553
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

554
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

555
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

556
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

557
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

558
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

559
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

560
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

561
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

562
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

563
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
564
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
565
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
566
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
567
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
568
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

569
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

570
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
571
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

572
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

573
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

574
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

575
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

576
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

577
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

578
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

579
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

580
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

581
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

582
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

583
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

584
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

585
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

586
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

587
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

588
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

589
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

590
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

591
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

592
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

593
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

594
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

595
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

596
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

597
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

598
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
599
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
600
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
601
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
602
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
603
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

604
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

605
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
606
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

607
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

608
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

609
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

610
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

611
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

612
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

613
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

614
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

615
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

616
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

617
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

618
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

619
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

620
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

621
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

622
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

623
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

624
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

625
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

626
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

627
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

628
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

629
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

630
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

631
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

632
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

633
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
634
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
635
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
636
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
637
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
638
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

639
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

640
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
641
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

642
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

643
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

644
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

645
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

646
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

647
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

648
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

649
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

650
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

651
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

652
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

653
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

654
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

655
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

656
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

657
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

658
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

659
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

660
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

661
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

662
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

663
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

664
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

665
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

666
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

667
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

668
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
669
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
670
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
671
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
672
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
673
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

674
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

675
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

676
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

677
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

678
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

679
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

680
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

681
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

682
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

683
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

684
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

685
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

686
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

687
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

688
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

689
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

690
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
691
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

692
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

693
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

694
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

695
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

696
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

697
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

698
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

699
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

700
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

701
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

702
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

703
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
704
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
705
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
706
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
707
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
708
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

709
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

710
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
711
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

712
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

713
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

714
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

715
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

716
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

717
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

718
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

719
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

720
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

721
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

722
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

723
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

724
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

725
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

726
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

727
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

728
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

729
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

730
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

731
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

732
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

733
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

734
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

735
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

736
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

737
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

738
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
739
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
740
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
741
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
742
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
743
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

744
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

745
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
746
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

747
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

748
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

749
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

750
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

751
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

752
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

753
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

754
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

755
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

756
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

757
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

758
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

759
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

760
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

761
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

762
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

763
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

764
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

765
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

766
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

767
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

768
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

769
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

770
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

771
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

772
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

773
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
774
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
775
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
776
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
777
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
778
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

779
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

780
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
781
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

782
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

783
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

784
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

785
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

786
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

787
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

788
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

789
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

790
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

791
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

792
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

793
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

794
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

795
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

796
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

797
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

798
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

799
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

800
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

801
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

802
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

803
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

804
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

805
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

806
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

807
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

808
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
809
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
810
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
811
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
812
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
813
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

814
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

815
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
816
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

817
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

818
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

819
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

820
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

821
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

822
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

823
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

824
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

825
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

826
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

827
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

828
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

829
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

830
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

831
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

832
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

833
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

834
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

835
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

836
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

837
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

838
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

839
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

840
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

841
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

842
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

843
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
844
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
845
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
846
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
847
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
848
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

849
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

850
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
851
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

852
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

853
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

854
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

855
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

856
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

857
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

858
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

859
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

860
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

861
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

862
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

863
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

864
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

865
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

866
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

867
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

868
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

869
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

870
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

871
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

872
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

873
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

874
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

875
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

876
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

877
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

878
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
879
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
880
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
881
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
882
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
883
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

884
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

885
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
886
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

887
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

888
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

889
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

890
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

891
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

892
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

893
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

894
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

895
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

896
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

897
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

898
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

899
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

900
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

901
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

902
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

903
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

904
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

905
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

906
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

907
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

908
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

909
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

910
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

911
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

912
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

913
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
914
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
915
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
916
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
917
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
918
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

919
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

920
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
921
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

922
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

923
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

924
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

925
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

926
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

927
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

928
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

929
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

930
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

931
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

932
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

933
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

934
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

935
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

936
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

937
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

938
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

939
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

940
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

941
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

942
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

943
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

944
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

945
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

946
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

947
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

948
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
949
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
950
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
951
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
952
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
953
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

954
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

955
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
956
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

957
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

958
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

959
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

960
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

961
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

962
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

963
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

964
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

965
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

966
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

967
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

968
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

969
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

970
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

971
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

972
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

973
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

974
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

975
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

976
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

977
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

978
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

979
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

980
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

981
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

982
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

983
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
984
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
985
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
986
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
987
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
988
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

989
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

990
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
991
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

992
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

993
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

994
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

995
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

996
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

997
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

998
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

999
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

1000
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

1001
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

1002
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

1003
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

1004
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

1005
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

1006
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

1007
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

1008
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

1009
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

1010
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

1011
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

1012
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

1013
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

1014
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

1015
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

1016
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

1017
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

1018
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
1019
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
1020
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
1021
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
1022
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
1023
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

1024
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

1025
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
1026
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

1027
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

1028
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

1029
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

1030
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

1031
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

1032
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

1033
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

1034
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

1035
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

1036
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

1037
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

1038
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

1039
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

1040
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

1041
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

1042
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

1043
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

1044
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

1045
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

1046
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

1047
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

1048
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

1049
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

1050
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

1051
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

1052
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

1053
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
1054
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
1055
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
1056
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
1057
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
1058
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

1059
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

1060
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
1061
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

1062
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

1063
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

1064
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

1065
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

1066
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

1067
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

1068
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

1069
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

1070
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

1071
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

1072
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

1073
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

1074
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

1075
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

1076
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

1077
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

1078
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

1079
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

1080
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

1081
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

1082
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

1083
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

1084
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

1085
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

1086
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

1087
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

1088
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
1089
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
1090
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
1091
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
1092
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
1093
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

1094
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

1095
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
1096
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

1097
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

1098
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

1099
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

1100
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

1101
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

1102
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

1103
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

1104
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

1105
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

1106
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

1107
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

1108
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

1109
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

1110
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

1111
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

1112
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

1113
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

1114
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

1115
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

1116
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

1117
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

1118
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

1119
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

1120
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

1121
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

1122
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

1123
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
1124
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
1125
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
1126
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
1127
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
1128
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

1129
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

1130
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
1131
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

1132
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

1133
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

1134
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

1135
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

1136
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

1137
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

1138
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

1139
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

1140
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

1141
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

1142
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

1143
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

1144
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

1145
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

1146
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

1147
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

1148
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

1149
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

1150
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

1151
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

1152
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

1153
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

1154
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

1155
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

1156
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

1157
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

1158
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
1159
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
1160
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
1161
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
1162
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
1163
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

1164
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

1165
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
1166
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

1167
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

1168
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

1169
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

1170
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

1171
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

1172
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

1173
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

1174
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

1175
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

1176
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

1177
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

1178
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

1179
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

1180
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

1181
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

1182
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

1183
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

1184
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

1185
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

1186
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

1187
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

1188
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

1189
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

1190
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

1191
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

1192
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

1193
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
1194
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
1195
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
1196
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
1197
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
1198
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

1199
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

1200
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
1201
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

1202
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

1203
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

1204
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

1205
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

1206
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

1207
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

1208
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

1209
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

1210
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

1211
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

1212
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

1213
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

1214
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

1215
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

1216
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

1217
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

1218
Q

What type of joint is the hip joint ?

A

Synovial joint therefore really mobile

1219
Q

What forms the hip joint ?

A

The head of the femur and the pelvic acetabulum

1220
Q

What is the acetabulum and the femur covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

1221
Q

What is the acetabular notch ?

A

A deep notch in the acetabulum of the hip bone. The acetabular notch contains fibroelastic fat covered with synovial membrane.

1222
Q

What is the longest bone in the body ?

A

The femur

1223
Q

What is the femoral head covered in ?

A

Hyaline cartilage

1224
Q

What is the small depressed called in the femoral head ?

A

Fovae capitis

1225
Q

What attaches to the small depression the femoral head ? ( fovea captitis)

A

Ligamentum teres which is the major blood supply to the femoral head in a child.

1226
Q

What are the three extracapsular ligaments in the hip joint that form part of the capsule that strengthens the hip joint ?

A

1) iliofemoral
2) pubofemoral
3) ischiofemoral

1227
Q

What is the strongest ligament in the body ?

A

The iliofemoral ligament

1228
Q

Where is the iliofemoral ligament located ?

A
  • it has an inverted Y shape.
  • the base of the Y is attached to the anterior , inferior iliac spine of the ilium.
  • the limbs of the Y are both attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur.
1229
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents hyperextension of the hip.

  • when seated , it becomes relaxed which permits the pelvis to tilt backwards into its sitting position.
1230
Q

Where is the location of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A

Lies inferior and anterior to the hip joint.

  • it is a triangular shape.
  • its base is attached to the superior pubic ramus and it’s apex to the inferior part of the intertrochanteric line anterioly.
1231
Q

What is the role of the pubofemoral ligament ?

A
  • prevents excessive abduction and extension of the hip joint.
1232
Q

Where is the location of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A
  • spiral shaped and is attached to the body of the ischium posteriorly and the greater trochanter.
1233
Q

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament ?

A

Prevents excessive internal medial rotation

1234
Q

What is the weakest of the 3 ligaments ?

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

1235
Q

Transverse acetabular ligament

A

This is formed by the acetabular labrum as it bridges the acetabular notch.

  • this converts the notch into a tunnel through which blood vessels and nerves can enter the hip joint.
1236
Q

What are examples of a few stabilising factors that increase the stability of the hip joint ?

A

1) the cup shaped acetabulum
2) the acetabular labrum which deepens the acetabulum
3) the capsule
4) the ligamentum teres
5) the extracapsular ligaments ( iliofemoral , ischiofemoral , pubofemoral )
6) the muscles surrounding the hip joint

1237
Q

Anteriorally , where the ligaments are the strongest ( iliofemoral & pubofemoral ligaments ) the medial flexors are …

A

Fewer and weaker.

1238
Q

Posteriorally , where the ligaments are weakest (ischiofemoral ) the lateral external rotators are
..

A

Greater in number and stronger because they effectively pull the head of the femur into the acetabulum.

1239
Q

What muscles cause abduction of the hip ?

A
  • gluteals medius

Gluteas minimus

( POSTERIOR REGION)

1240
Q

What muscle causes extension of the hip ?

A

Gluteas maximums

1241
Q

What is the abduction of the hip assisted by ? ( what assists the gluteas medius and minimus )

A

Sartorius , tensor fascia lata

1242
Q

What assists the extension of the hip - helping the gluteas maximus?

A

Hamstrings : semimembranous, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

1243
Q

What is the function of the gluteas maximus?

A
  • main extensor

- assists with the lateral , external rotation of the hip.

1244
Q

What innerverts the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve ( L5, S1, S2)

1245
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

Abducts and medically internally rotates the lower limb.

1246
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

The superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1)

1247
Q

What is the function of the gluteas minimus?

A

It abducts and medial.y internally rotates the lower limb.

1248
Q

What innerverts the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve ( L4, L5 , S1).

1249
Q

What classification would you classify gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus and mediaS?

A

Superficial muscles .

1250
Q

What is the deep fascia of the thigh called ?

A

Fascia lata

1251
Q

Where is the fascia lata thickened ?

A

At its lateral aspect where it forms the iliotibial tract which runs from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle ( at the knee).

1252
Q

What does Hilton’s

Law state?

A

The nerves supplying the muscles extending directly across and acting at a given joint also innervate the joint.

MSK (14 decks)

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