Session 3: Neck and Face Flashcards
What are the three main functions of the neck?
Structural – support and move the head
Visceral functions
Conduit for blood vessels and nerves
How are the components of these functions divided structurally in the neck?
Structural – inside prevertebral fascia
Visceral – inside or associated with pretracheal fascia
Blood vessels and nerves – carotid sheaths
What are the two large muscles that are found on the anterior and posterior sides of the neck?
Anterior – sternocleidomastoid
Posterior – trapezius
What are the contents of the carotid sheath?
Internal jugular vein
Common carotid artery
Vagus nerve
What are the contents of the visceral fascia?
Oesophagus
Trachea
Thyroid Gland
What is the name given to the fascia between the posterior aspect of the oesophagus and the anterior part of the prevertebral fascia?
Buccopharyngeal fascia
Which fascia splits in two around the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?
Investing layer
What important structures are at each of the following levels:
a. C2
b. C3
c. C4
d. C6
e. C7
a. C2 Superior cervical ganglion b. C3 Body of hyoid c. C4 Birfurcation of common carotid Upper border of thyroid cartilage d. C6 Cricoid cartilage Middle cervical ganglion e.C7 Inferior cervical ganglion
What are the two triangles of the neck? State their borders.
Anterior triangle – mandible, anterior border of sternocleidomastoid and midline
Posterior triangle – posterior border of sternocleidomastoid, anterior border of trapezius and clavicle
What are the main muscles in the anterior triangle and which nerves innervate them?
What are the four infrahyoid muscles and where are they attached?
Platysma – facial
Mylohyoid – mandibular division of trigeminal
Digastric muscle – anterior belly (mandibular division of trigeminal) + posterior belly (facial)
Infrahyoid muscles (strap muscles)
Omohyoid – superior border of scapula near scapular notch –> hyoid
Sternohyoid – sternum –> hyoid
Sternothyroid – sternum –> thyroid cartilage
Thyrohyoid – thyroid cartilage –> hyoid
Which nerves innervate each of the four infrahyoid muscles?
Omohyoid – ansa cervicalis
Sternohyoid – ansa cervicalis
Sternothyroid – ansa cervicalis
THYROHYOID – C1 fibres via the hypoglossal nerve
The posterior triangle consists mainly of blood vessels and nerves. Which blood vessels and nerves are in the posterior triangle?
External jugular vein Subclavian artery Trunks of brachial plexus Phrenic nerve Spinal accessory nerve
Which other smaller nerves are found in this area?
Lesser occipital nerve
Greater auricular nerve
Transverse cervical nerve
Supraclavicular nerves
Where do the trunks of the brachial plexus emerge?
Posterior to scalenus anterior
Where are the subclavian artery and vein relative to the scalene muscles?
Subclavian artery = posterior to scalenus anterior
Subclavian vein = anterior to scalenus anterior