Session 3: Carbohydrates Flashcards
Define an aldose and a ketose and give an example of each (one with 6 carbons and one with 3 carbons)
Aldose: if carbon 1 forms a carbonyl group via a double bond with oxygen, the monosaccharide is a aldose.
Ketose: if carbon 2 forms a carbonyl group with a double bond with oxygen, the monosaccharide is a ketose.
Aldose with 6 Cs: aldohexose
Aldose with 3 Cs: aldotriose
Ketose with 6 Cs: ketohexose
Ketose with 3Cs: ketotriose
Define an isomer.
A molecule with the same composition of atoms, but a different spatial arrangement of groups around the asymmetric carbon.
Distinguish between D-glucose and L-glucose.
D-glucose: the hydroxyl group is at the right of the carbon that is furthest from the carbonyl carbon in the glucose chain.
L-glucose: the hydroxyl group is on the left of carbon that is furthest from the carbonyl carbon in the glucose chain.
Which one of the D- and L-series sugars is present in the cell.
D-glucose.
Define dextrose.
A dextorory isomer of glucose that is capable of rotating the plane polarised light in the clockwise direction.
Explain what saline is.
A salty solution prepared by dissolving sodium chloride by water.
Indicate the purpose of saline.
Treats dehydration
Define glucoronates.
When C-6 of glucose is oxidised it forms glucuronic acid, which then forms glucoronate when the carboxyl group dissociates.
Define glucosamine.
When glucose contains
