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Sp: Sim Lab 1 > Session 28. Central Lines - Ultrasound > Flashcards

Session 28. Central Lines - Ultrasound Flashcards

1
Q

frequency of wave

A

number of oscillations per second

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2
Q

pulse echo principle

A

higher energy excited crystals in transducer to vibrate
(piezo electric effect)

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3
Q

virbations emit

A

high frequency sound waves

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4
Q

piezo electric crystals

A

transmit ultrasound wave
receive reflected back ultrasound waves

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5
Q

ultrasound gel

A

improves image

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6
Q

ultrasound waves are ______ transmitted thorough air/liquid

A

poorly

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7
Q

liquids

A

anechoic (black)
low reflection

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8
Q

dense structure

A

hyperechoic (white)
high reflection

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9
Q

isoechoic

A

structures that exhibit the same brightness as its surrounding structures

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10
Q

acoustic shadowing

A

hyperechoic structure not allowing any waves to pass so structure behind appears anechoic

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11
Q

clean shadow

A

bone

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12
Q

dirty shadow

A

gasses

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13
Q

dirty shadow means the image is

A

blurry

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14
Q

acoustic shadowing is depended on

A

density of hyperechoic structure

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15
Q

acoustic window

A

when viewing anechoic structure (fluid filled), structures deep to them are enhanced secondary to wave progression through the fluid

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16
Q

ultrasound indications

A

vascular access
nerve blocks
diagnosi

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17
Q

ultrasound contraindications

A

none
practiioner lack of training could cause misdiagnosis

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18
Q

high frequency probe

A

shallow penetration
great resolution

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19
Q

types of high freq probes

A

linear/vascular
intracavity

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20
Q

low freq prob

A

higher depth of penetration
lower resolution

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21
Q

types of low freq probes

A

curvilinear
phased array

22
Q

linear probe

A

shallow structure
vessel cannulation

23
Q

most common probe

A

linear

24
Q

curve linear probe

A

deep structures
nerve blocks (TAP)
diagnoses

25
Q

2nd most common probe

A

curve linear

26
Q

intracavity probe

A

OBGYN
colorectal

27
Q

phased array probe

A

deepest viewing
diagnosis only

28
Q

resolution

A

image clarity
how clearly you can differentiate 2 structure

29
Q

axial resolution

A

ability to discern 2 separate objects that are longitudinally adjacent to each other

easy to change

30
Q

lateral resolution

A

ability to discern 2 separate objects that are adjacent to each other

cannot change

31
Q

which resolution can you not change

A

lateral

32
Q

gain

A

overall brightness of image
amplitude of signal

33
Q

turning up gain

A

image brighter
more evident artifacts

34
Q

turning down gain

A

image darker

35
Q

what will you adjust for every pt

A

gain

36
Q

why do you adjust gain

A

each pt has a different body habitus w/different tissue density, volume status, etc

37
Q

doppler/color flow

A

characterizes flow of fluid
inferred by frequency changes

38
Q

moving towards probe

A

frequency increasing
red

39
Q

moving away from probe

A

frequency decreasing
blue

40
Q

Fd (doppler freq shift equation)

A

Fd = Ft-Fr
Fd= 2Ft(V/c)Cos(theta)

41
Q

depth

A

adjusts frequency

42
Q

to see deeper you need _____ frequency

A

lower frequency

43
Q

lower frequency _____ resolution

A

decreases resolution

44
Q

what depth should you start with

A

depth + 1

45
Q

time gain compensation

A

modifying the gain in particular fields of depth

46
Q

probe notch

A

corresponds to indicator in screen to ensure consistent laterality

47
Q

needle will look like ______ on ultrasound

A

hyperechoic line

48
Q

where should you aim your needle insertion when using ultratound

A

1 cm behind probe at the center line

49
Q

how can you differentiate artery and vein on ultrasound

A

vein will collapse w/pressure
artery will pulse

50
Q

what do nerves look like under ultrasound

A

hyperechoic
bundle of grapes

51
Q

what does a clot look like under ultrasound

A

hyperechoic region inside vein

52
Q
A

Sp: Sim Lab 1 (23 decks)

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