Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunity > Session 2 - Food Allergy > Flashcards

Session 2 - Food Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

What is an allergy?

A

Is not a disease itself but a mechanism leading to disease.
Immunological hypersensitivity that can lead to a variety of different disease via different pathomechanisms with different approaches in diagnosis, therapy and prevention.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an allergen?

A

Any substance stimulating the production of IgE or a cellular immune response. Usually a protein but can be carbs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is sensitivity?

A

Normal response to a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is hypersensitivity?

A

Abnormally strong response to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is sensitisation?

A

Production of IgE antibodies (detected by serum IgE assay or SPT) after repeated exposure to an allergen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is atopy?

A

A tendency to produce IgE antibodies in response to ordinary exposure to potential allergens. Strongly associated with asthma, rhinitis, eczema and food allergy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A

A serious allergic reaction with bronchial, laryngeal and cardiovascular involvement that is rapid in onset and can cause death.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is food?

A

A substance whether processed, semi-processed or raw, which is intended for human consumption (including drinks), and any substance used in the manufacture, preparation or treatment of food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a food allergy?

A

Immunologically mediated adverse reaction to food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the major allergic reactions?

A 
Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) 
Allergic conjunctivitis 
Asthma 
Atopic dermatitis/eczema 
Urticaria (Hives) 
Insect allergy 
Drug allergy 
Food allergy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does allergic rhinitis (hay fever) present.

A

Blocked/runny nose, itchy nose, sneezing. Trigggered by pollen, let’s or HDM.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is allergic conjunctivitis?

A

Red, swollen, itchy, watery eyes. Can occur with allergic rhinitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is asthma?

A

Chest symptoms of wheeze, cough, shortness of breath and tight chest. Not always allergic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is atopic dermatitis/eczema?

A

Commonest chronic inflammatory skin disease with itch and excoriation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is urticaria/hives?

A

Acute/chronic macula-papular pruitic rash without or with angioedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an insect allergy?

A

Mainly to bee or wasp stings. Mild (local), moderate (urticaria), severe (anaphylaxis).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a food allergy?

A

Clinically broad symptom spectrum varying in timing of presentation and in severity.

18
Q

Name some key facts relating to milk allergy.

A
  • commonest food allergy in infants
  • always presents by 12 months of age
  • symptoms can present many weeks after first ingested
19
Q

What are the 2 types of presentation of a milk allergy?

A

1) immediate onset IgE mediated:
- typical allergy symptoms affecting skin, Resp, and Gi tracts.
- symptoms of urticaria, cough, wheeze, vomiting, diarrhoea
- can cause anaphylaxis and even be fatal

2) delayed onset, non IgE mediated:
- predominantly multiple GI systems
- difficult to diagnose, younger presentation similar to colic reflux

20
Q

What are the major food allergens?

A 
Celery 
Cereals containing gluten 
Eggs 
Fish 
Milk 
Mustard 
Nuts 
Peanuts 
Sesame seeds 
Soya
21
Q

Define food intolerance.

A

Numerous (frequently reported) adverse responses to foods that do not involve an immune response

22
Q

What are the IgE mediated Adverse food reactions?

A
  • acute urticaria/angioedema
  • anaphylaxis
  • pollen food syndrome
  • food associated exercise induced anaphylaxis
23
Q

What are the non-IgE mediated Adverse food reactions?

A
  • proctocolitis
  • enterocolitis
  • eosinophillic oesophagitis
  • food protein induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES)
24
Q

What is the difference in Symptom onset betweeen IgE mediated and non IgE mediated food allergy presentation?

A

IgE mediated = immediate 5-30 min

Non IgE mediated = delayed = hours to days

25
Q

What is the difference in common foods betweeen IgE mediated and non IgE mediated food allergy presentation?

A

IgE mediated = milk and eggs, peanuts and tree nuts, fish and shell fish, fruit and vegetables
Non IgE mediated = milk and soya, wheat, rice, oats

26
Q

What is the difference in presenting age betweeen IgE mediated and non IgE mediated food allergy presentation?

A

IgE mediated = variable (age of contact), all milk allergy by 1 year, OSF in adolescence
Non IgE mediated = infancy and early childhood, all milk allergy by 1 year

27
Q

What is the difference in natural history betweeen IgE mediated and non IgE mediated food allergy presentation?

A

IgE mediated = milk and egg allergy can resolve, others persistent into adulthood
Non IgE mediated = resolve earlier than IgE, many by school age

28
Q

What is the difference in skin presentation betweeen IgE mediated and non IgE mediated food allergy presentation?

A

IgE mediated = pruitus, erythema, acute urticaria (localised or generalised), acute angioedema (most commonly of the lips, face and around the eyes)

Non-IgE mediated = pruitus, eczema, atopic eczema

29
Q

What is the difference in gastrointestinal system presentation betweeen IgE mediated and non IgE mediated food allergy presentation?

A

IgE mediated = angioedema Of lips, tongue and palate, oral pruitus, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, colicky abdominal pain

Non IgE mediated = food refusal, abdominal pain, GORD, loose/frequent stool, blood/mucus in stool, constipation, perinatal redness, pallor and tiredness, faltering growth with at least 1 or more of GI symptoms

30
Q

What is the difference in respiratory system presentation betweeen IgE mediated and non IgE mediated food allergy presentation?

A

IgE mediated = blocked/runny nose, sneeze, itch, wheeze, cough, DIB

None

31
Q

What is the difference in cardiovascular system presentation betweeen IgE mediated and non IgE mediated food allergy presentation?

A

IgE mediated = pallor, drowsy, hypotension

None

32
Q

What are the essential elements of a medical history in suspected food allergy?

A

Context

Symptoms

Food

33
Q

When taking a history for a food allergy what would be covered in context?

A

Thorough description of reaction:

  • age of onset
  • complete list of all suspected foods causing symptoms
  • route of exposure
  • activity at time of exposure (exercise or alcohol can potential reaction)
  • any intercurrent illness at time of reaction (can mimic allergic reaction)
  • list of foods previously ingested without symptoms
34
Q

When taking a history for a food allergy what would be covered in symptoms?

A
  • all observed symptoms and each ones severity
  • timing of symptom onset in relationship to food exposure
  • duration of symptoms, treatment provided and response to treatment
35
Q

When taking a history for a food allergy what would be covered in food?

A
  • manner in which food was prepared (cooked, raw, added ingredients)
  • minimal quantity of food exposure required to cause symptoms
36
Q

What are the treatment options of managing a food allergy?

A
  • appropriate assessment
  • dietary advice
  • medical advice
37
Q

What is appropriate assessment in relation to food allergy management?

A
  • allergy focussed history and examination

- appropriately selected allergy investigations = identify food causing symptoms

38
Q

What is dietary in relation to food allergy management?

A
  • exclusions = which food/food groups/ food formats to avoid
  • inclusion = which food/groups/ formats not to avoid
  • label reading = ingredient labelling, patient advisory labels
  • food reintroduction
39
Q

What is medical advice in relation to food allergy management?

A
  • emergency management of allergic/anaphylactic reaction
40
Q

How is a milk allergy managed?

A

Selection of replacement infant formulas:

  • extensive hydrolysed formula
  • amino acid formula
  • soya
  • dairy free weaning advice followed by milk introduction
41
Q

Describe the lactase evolution and action.

A
  • detectecion from 8 weeks gestation, rise from 32 weeks to peak at birth
  • activity decreases within months
  • present on menu all brush border apex
  • hydrolysis Of lactose into mono-saccharides galactose and glucose
42
Q

What is lactose intolerance?

A
  • occurs in most humans (variable)
  • typical symptoms = bloating, flatulence, explosive diarrhoea
  • onset = subtle, progressive years
  • most diagnosed as adolescent or adult
  • not always symptomatic with milk

Immunity (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions