Session 2 - Embryology and Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the urinary system originate from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the 3 systems that develop which lead to the formation of the urinary system

A

1) Pronephros 2) Mesonephros 3) Metanephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does the pronephros appear and what function does it serve?

A

Appears in the cervical region Duct forms which drives the development of the mesonephros

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where does the mesonephros system appear? What function does it serve?

A

Appears caudal to the pronephric region 2 functions:

1) Serves as an embryonic kidney, but unable to conserve water
2) Sprouts the ureteric bud which induces development of the kidney proper.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where does the metanephros system appear? What function does it serve?

A

The metanephros system is made up of the ureteric bud and the metanephric blastema which becomes the kidney Function - differentiates into the kidney proper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do the kidneys develop and where is their final position?

A

Kidney appears in the pelvic region and undergoes a caudal to cranial shift to rest in its final position in the lumbar region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define renal agenesis and what causes it.

A
  • Occurs when the ureteric bud fails to interact with intermediate mesoderm
  • Formation of only 1 or no kidneys occurs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define duplication defects and their consequences,

A
  • Ureter can be duplicated with one ureter going to the correct place in the bladder and another ureter terminating at a different site; this can be in the urethra or vagina (in women).
  • Leads to urinary incontinence or frequent UTIs.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define a urorectal fistulae

A

urinary tract and rectum connect due to a defect in the urorectal septum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define exstrophy of the bladder

A

Protrusion of the urinary bladder through a defect in the abdominal wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does a horseshoe kidney occur?

A

As kidneys start to ascend they rotate laterally and the poles become close enough to each other to fuse. They then get stuck on the inferior mesenteric artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do accessory renal arteries develop?

A

Develops when blood supplies established as the kidneys ascend aren’t apoptosed. Only supply part of the kidney and means a blockage wont kill the entire kidney.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the cloaca?

A

Early in development, the GI, urinary and reproductive tracts terminate at a single structure – the cloaca.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the urorectal septum?

A

Separates the bladder and urethra from the GI tract. Creates the urogenital sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the urogenital sinus become?

A

bladder and urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 4 parts of the male urethra?

A

Preprostatic Prostatic Membranous Spongy

17
Q

What areas of the kidney do the cortical renal corpuscle occupy?

A

PCT and and DCT in the renal cortex Ascending and descending limb loop into the outer zone of the medulla

18
Q

What areas of the kidney do the juxtamedullary renal corpuscle occupy?

A

PCT and DCT in the renal cortex Ascending and descending limb loop into the inner zone of the medulla

19
Q

Define the podocytes

A

Cells that wrap around the glomerulus and the capilary endothelium with filtration slits to allow small molecules to leave the blood.

20
Q

What epithelia do PCT have?

A

Simple cuboidal epithelia with pronounced brush border

21
Q

What are the 4 parts of the loop of Henle? What epithelia does each part have?

A

• Consists of 4 parts:

o Pars recta

o Thin descending limb – Dips down into the medulla, simple squamous epithelia

o Thin ascending limb – same as thin descending limb

o Thick ascending limb – Simple cuboidal epithelium, active transport

22
Q

How would you differentiate DCT from PCT?

A

No brush border and larger lumen than PCT

23
Q

What 3 components are the juxtaglomerular apparatus made up of?

A
  • Macula dense of DCT
  • Juxtaglomerular cells of afferent arteriole of glomerulus
  • Extraglomerular mesangial cells
24
Q

What is the function of umbrella cells on the bladder?

A

Make epithelium impermeable and able to stretch

25
Q

Label the histology of the bladder

A
26
Q
A