Session 2

Question 1

Amortize

Answer 1

reduce or extinguish (a debt) by money regularly put aside.
loan fees can be amortized over the life of the mortgage.

Loan amortization: the process of paying off a loan with a series of periodic loan payments, whereby a portion of the outstanding loan amount is paid off, or amortized.

Question 2

Outstanding

Answer 2

exceptionally good, barjaste, momtaz
the team’s outstanding performance
synonyms: excellent, , out of this world!

remaining to be paid, done, or dealt with.
there was a small charge outstanding
synonyms: to be done, undone,

Question 3

Accrue

Answer 3

The ability for something to accumulate over time. In finance, “accrue” is most commonly used when referring to interest, income and expenses of an individual or business. Interest in your savings account accrues so that over time the total amount in your account grows.

Question 4

APR-APY

Answer 4

Annual percentage rate: standard rate

Annual percentage yield: effective rate

Question 5

Pure discount instrument

Answer 5

A type of security that pays no income until maturity; upon expiration, the holder receives the face value of the instrument. The instrument is originally sold for less than its face value (at a discount).
like US treasury bills.

Question 6

Bank discount yield

Answer 6

A quoting convention used by financial institutions when quoting prices for fixed-income securities sold at a discount, particularly U.S. Government issues. The quote is presented as a percentage of face value, and is determined by discounting the bond by using a 360-day-count convention, which assumes there are twelve 30-day months in a year.

Question 7

Exponent

Answer 7

tavan
a quantity representing the power to which a given number or expression is to be raised, usually expressed as a raised symbol beside the number or expression (e.g., 3 in 2 3 = 2 × 2 × 2).
He was one of the first to use exponents to represent powers and he used mathematics as a model for the natural sciences.

Question 8

Reciprocal

Answer 8

makus (kasr)

Question 9

Consolidate

Answer 9

1.taghviat kardan
make (something) physically stronger or more solid.
the first phase of the project is to consolidate the outside walls.

2. yeki kardan
   combine (a number of things) into a single more effective or coherent whole.
   all manufacturing activities have been consolidated in new premises.
   descriptive statistics tries to consolidate a mass of numerical data into useful information.

Question 10

Arithmetic

Answer 10

noun
the branch of mathematics dealing with the properties and manipulation of numbers.
the laws of arithmetic.

adjective
of or relating to arithmetic.
perform arithmetic functions

Question 11

Odd/even

Answer 11

fard/zoj

Question 12

Dollar cost averaging

Answer 12

Dollar cost averaging (DCA) is an investment strategy for reducing the impact of volatility on large purchases of financial assets such as equities. By dividing the total sum to be invested in the market (e.g. $100,000) into equal amounts put into the market at regular intervals (e.g. $1000 over 100 weeks), DCA reduces the risk of incurring a substantial loss resulting from investing the entire “lump sum” just before a fall in the market. Dollar cost averaging is not always the most profitable way to invest a large sum, but it minimizes downside risk.

In essence, the technique works in markets undergoing temporary declines because it exposes only part of the total sum to the decline. The technique is so-called because of its potential for reducing the average cost of shares bought. As the amount of shares that can be bought for a fixed amount of money varies inversely with their price, DCA effectively leads to more shares being purchased when their price is low and fewer when they are expensive. As a result, DCA can lower the total average cost per share of the investment, giving the investor a lower overall cost for the shares purchased over time.

Question 13

Dispersion

Answer 13

parakandegi (dadehaye amari ham!)

some seeds rely on birds for dispersion

Question 14

Asymmetric

Answer 14

na motegharen

not symmetric

Question 15

Skew

Answer 15

orib, kaj, oribi
his hat looked slightly skew.
skewness of a distribution.

Question 16

Numerator

Answer 16

surate kasr

Question 17

Denominator

Answer 17

makhraje kasr

Question 18

Odds

Answer 18

in gambling, odds represent the ratio between the amounts staked by parties to a wager or bet. Thus, odds of 6 to 1 mean the first party (normally a bookmaker) is staking six times the amount that the second party is. Thus, gambling odds of ‘6 to 1’ means the gamble is that one time in seven the event will occur.

Question 19

Tariff

Answer 19

/ˈtarif/
tarefe, a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports.
The introduction of Value Added Tax in July 1999 enabled the government to remove tariffs and import duties.

Question 20

Permutation

Answer 20

jaygasht

Question 21

Default

Answer 21

1. The failure to promptly pay interest or principal when due. Default occurs when a debtor is unable to meet the legal obligation of debt repayment. Borrowers may default when they are unable to make the required payment or are unwilling to honor the debt.
2. The failure to perform on a futures contract as required by an exchange.