Session 1.3 - Internal Structures of the Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 1

What structures are the grey and white matters of the brain and spinal cord predominantly made up of?

Answer 1

Grey - Cell bodies

White - Nerve fibres (white due to myelination)

Question 2

What information does ascending and descending tracts carry?

Answer 2

Ascending - sensory

Descending - Motor tracts

Question 3

Describe the structure:

a) Multipolar neuron
b) bipolar neuron
c) unipolar neuron

Answer 3

a) one axon, many dendrites
b) one axon, one dendrite
c) axon splits into 2 branches that attach to cell body

Question 4

How is the BBB formed?

Answer 4

Astrocytes surround capillaries in brain and form the BBB

Question 5

Describe the function of oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, and microglia

Answer 5

Oligodendrocytes - Create myelin sheaths

Ependymal cells - circulate CSF, line brain ventricles and central canal of spinal cord

Microglia - Immune support. Phagocytose pathogens that pass the BBB

Question 6

Identify 1-5

Answer 6

1. Parietal Lobe
2. Temporal lobe
3. Corpus callosum
4. Lateral ventricle
5. Pons/midbrain transition
6. Inferior colliculus
7. Lateral lemniscus
8. Medial lemniscus
9. Cerebellum
10. a/b Superior & middle cerebellar peduncles
11. Amygdaloid nucleus

Question 7

Answer 7

1. Parietal Lobe
2. Temporal lobe
3. Corpus callosum
4. Lateral ventricle
5. Pons/midbrain transition
6. Inferior colliculus
7. Lateral lemniscus
8. Medial lemniscus
9. Cerebellum
10. a/b Superior & middle cerebellar peduncles
11. Amygdaloid nucleus

Question 8

Answer 8

1. Frontal Lobe
2. Insula
3. Temporal lobe
4. Corpus callosum
5. Caudate nucleus
6. Lentiform nucleus
7. Putamen
8. Globus pallidus
9. Claustrum
10. Internal capsule
11. Anterior commissure

Question 9

Answer 9

1. Frontal Lobe
2. Insula
3. Temporal lobe
4. Cerebellum
5. Lateral ventricle
6. Caudate nucleus
7. Lentiform nucleus
8. Thalamus

a) Anterior nuclei
b) Medial Nuclei
c) Lateral nuclei

Question 10

Answer 10

1. Frontal Lobe
2. Insula
3. Temporal lobe
4. Cerebellum* dentate nucleus
5. Lateral ventricle
6. Caudate nucleus
7. Lentiform nucleus
   a) putamen
   b) globus pallidus
8. Thalamus
9. Medial geniculate body
10. Lateral geniculate body
11. Midbrain
12. Hippocampus
13. Hypothalamus
14. Anterior commissure
15. Internal capsule

Question 11

Answer 11

1. Frontal Lobe
2. Insula
3. Temporal lobe
4. Cerebellum* dentate nucleus
5. Lateral ventricle
6. Caudate nucleus
7. Lentiform nucleus
   a) putamen
   b) globus pallidus
8. Thalamus
9. Medial geniculate body
10. Lateral geniculate body
11. Midbrain
12. Hippocampus
13. Hypothalamus
14. Anterior commissure
15. Internal capsule

Question 12

Answer 12

1. Parietal lobe
2. Lateral ventricle
3. Cerebellum
4. Pons
5. Inferior cerebellar peduncle
6. Middle cerebellar peduncle
7. Superior cerebellar peduncle
8. Corticospinal tracts

Question 13

Answer 13

1.Parietal lobe
2.Temporal lobe
3.Corpus callosum
4.Lateral Ventricle
5.Pons/Midbrain
Transition
6.Inferior colliculus
7.Lateral lemniscus
8.Medial lemniscus
9.Cerebellum
10.a/b Superior
& middle cerebellar peduncles
11.Reticular formation

Question 14

Answer 14

Question 15

At what spinal vertebral level does the spinal cord end?

Answer 15

L1/2