Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Conditions of MEH > Session 11 - Thyroid disorders > Flashcards

Session 11 - Thyroid disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Name the biochemical assessments used for the examination of the thyroid gland

A
  • T3
  • T4
  • TSH levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the clinical assessments used for the examination of the thyroid gland?

A
  • Feel if it’s enlarged
  • nodules swelling
  • ask the patient to swallow and see if it moves
  • examine patients heart rate, temperature and skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the imaging assessments used for the examination of the thyroid gland?

A
  • X-ray (Structure- compression of the trachea)
  • CT scan (Structure)
  • Thyroid Scintigraphy ( Technetium- function)
  • Ultrasound (Structure)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is hypothyroidism?

A
  • Low levels of T3 and T4

- Elevated TSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hypothyroidism

What are some of the symptoms of this?

A
  • Tiredness
  • Weight gain
  • Puffy eyes
  • Constipation
  • Joint/muscle ache
  • Change in appearance
  • Depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hypothyroidism ‘

What are some of the signs for this?

A
  • Peri-orbital oedema (swollen eyes)
  • ‘Peaches and cream’ (myxoedema- swelling of eyes and skin)
  • Dry, thin hair (alopecia)
  • Bradycardia
  • Cold peripheries
  • slow reflexes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hypothyroidism

What are the causes of this?

A
  • Autoimmune (Hashimotos- the destruction of thyroid follicles)
  • Failure of the thyroid gland
  • TSH or TRH deficiency
  • Inadequate dietary supply of iodine
  • Post-surgery
  • Congenital
  • Anti-thyroid drugs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hypothyroidism

What is cretinism?

A
  • the complication that occurs in infants
  • mother had an inadequate dietary supply of iodine
  • therefore baby born with iodine deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hypothyroidism

What are the features of cretinism?

A
  • dwarfed structure
  • mental deficiency ( thyroid hormone needed for the myelination of nerves and development of neurons)
  • poor bone development
  • muscle weakness
  • slow pulse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypothyroidism

What is myxoedema?

A

Swelling of the eyes and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hypothyroidism

What are the features of myxoedema?

A
  • thick puffy skin
  • muscle weakness
  • slow speech
  • mental deterioration
  • intolerance to cold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Hypothyroidism

What are the treatments for this?

A
  • T4 thyroxine replacement therapy
  • oral thyroid hormone
  • 50-200 microgram/day in a single dose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypothyroidism

What is myxoedema coma?

A
  • rare
  • very low temp (hypothermia) and pulse
  • pericardial effusion
  • 50% mortality rate
  • severe hypothyroidism
  • usually in the elderly
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hypothyroidism

What is borderline or subclinical hypothyroidism?

A
  • low normal T3, T4 and high TSH ( caught it early or just normal)
  • monitored until symptoms warrant treatment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is hyperthyroidism?

A
  • High T3, T4

- reduced TSH levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hyperthyroidism

What are the symptoms of this?

A
  • Weight loss
  • Malaise
  • Palpitations
  • Tremor
  • Muscle ache
  • Diarrhoea
  • Insomnia
  • Itching
17
Q

Hyperthyroidism

What are the signs for this?

A
  • Tremor
  • Hyperkinesis
  • Tachycardia
  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Hypertension
  • Warm peripheries
  • Lid lag (bulging eyes)
18
Q

Hyperthyroidism

What are the causes of this?

A
  • Autoimmune (Graves’ disease - thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin)
  • Ectopic thyroid tissue
  • Excessive T3 or T4 therapy
  • Drugs (amiodarone)- thyroiditis
  • toxic multinodular goitre
19
Q

Hyperthyroidism

What is the name of the medication given to treat this?

A
  • Carbimazole or Propylthiouracil ( blocks formation of thyroid hormone)
  • beware of agranulocytosis (risk of infections)
  • beta-blockers for symptoms control
20
Q

Hyperthyroidism

What is the surgical treatment for this?

A
  • given if there are side effects from drugs or patients wants it
  • small risk of laryngeal nerve palsy and hypocalcaemia
21
Q

Hyperthyroidism

What are the features of a thyroid crisis or thyroid storm?

A
  • rare
  • 10% mortality
  • hyperpyrexia
  • tachycardia
  • cardiac failure
  • needs urgent treatment
22
Q

Hyperthyroidism

What is the link between hyperthyroidism and pregnancy?

A
  • in Graves’ , antibodies can cross the placenta
  • infants born with hyperthyroidism
  • pregnancy monitored closely
23
Q

What are the 4 types of goitre?

A
  • Diffuse goitre ( autoimmune, thyroiditis)
  • Nodular goitre ( multinodular goitre, solitary nodule)
  • fibrotic goitre
  • iodine deficiency goitre
24
Q

What is the history of a person who may have thyroid cancer( nodular goitre)?

A
  • a very young or old patient
  • rapid enlargement of a lump in the neck
  • hoarse voice and dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
  • family history of thyroid cancer
25
Q

What is the clinical examination of a person who may have thyroid cancer?

A
  • hard irregular thyroid mass
  • fixed to surrounding tissues
  • cervical lymph nodes welling
26
Q

What are the investigations of suspected thyroid cancer?

A
  • thyroid ultrasound
  • fine need;e aspiration
  • CT scan thorax and mediastinum

Clinical Conditions of MEH (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions