Session 10 - Pathology in pictures Flashcards
1
Q
The heart (1)
A
- Hypertrophy
- Ascentric left ventricular hypertrophy
- Aortic valve stenosis
- Hypertension (functional demand increase)
- Coronary heart disease
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
2
Q
hypertrophy
A
increase in cell size without cell no. increase
3
Q
The heart (2)
A
- MI with tissue necrosis (white)
- Old necrosis in this photo (coagulative)
- Due to loss of blood supply to ischaemia
- Not a fresh infarct- would see area of necrosis
- Old necrosis in this photo (coagulative)
- White infarct- no dual blood supply
- Thinner walls
- Compensatory hypertrophy of adjacent myocardium
- Fibrosis
4
Q
blood vess;es
A
- Abdominal Aortic Aneursym
- Just above the iliac bifurcation
- Thrombus formation which fills the blood vessel
- Aneurysm- local dilation of the arterial wall due to weakening of the arterial musculature
*
5
Q
why people die of an AAA
A
Atherosclerotic deposition on wall of vessel which weakens the medial of the wall –> starts to dilate
- rupture of AAA
- blood loss- hypovolemia
- embolism of original thrombus- goes into leg- acute ischaemia
6
Q
risk factors for rupture of AAA
A
hypertension
7
Q
the limb
A
- Dry gangrene- necrosis visible to the naked eye
- Dry gangrene Coagulate necrosis
- Wet gangrene - liquefactive necrosis
- Treatment- amputation
8
Q
the lungs
A
heavy exposure to smoke or pollution
9
Q
the alveoli
A
- These alveoli should be clear
- Neutrophils- acute inflammation affecting one lobe of the lung
- Lobile pneumonia
10
Q
What is this
A
a saddle embolism
- commonly refers to a large pulmonary embolism that straddles the bifurication of the pulmonary trunk–> extending into the left and right pulmonary arteries
11
Q
key features of thrombus vs normal clotting
A
- lines of zahn
- very firm and solid
12
Q
features of Virchows triad
A
- Hypercoagulability
- Damage to the wall
- Haemostasis
13
Q
pulmonary embolisms generally come from
A
DVTS
14
Q
risk factors for DVTS
A
Smoking
Pregnancy
Immobility
Male
Fracture
Cancer- prothrombotic state
15
Q
what is this?
A
Mesothelioma- due to asbestos- constant repair of pleural cells (white part surrounding lungs)