Session 10 Flashcards
Norepinephrine and Methoxamine
Used as presser agents to treat:
- Shock of vasculogenic (spinal injury and antihypertensive toxicity)
- Anaphylactic shock to preserve BP
Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine
Nasopharyngeal decongestants
- Chronic postural hypotension.
Alpha one agonists
1-NE,METHOXMINE(for shocks)
*vasculogenic shock (spinal cord injury and anti hypertensive toxicity)
*anaphylactic shock to preserve BP
2-EPHEDRINE AND PSEUDOEPHIDRENE
*NASOPHARYNGEAL DECONGESTANTS
*CHRONIC POSTURAL HYPERTENSION
3- METHYLPHENIDATE for ADHD (direct and indirect stimulation)
4-ADRENALINE,XYLOMETAZOLINE,PHEYLEPHRINE
*nasal congestion
*eye hyperemia
*epistaxis
Combined with local anesthetic
α2 receptor stimulants
a- Clonidine as antihypertensive
b- Methyldopa is a false neurotransmitter used in
hypertension in pregnancy
c- Apraclonidine used to treat glaucoma
Beta one and beta two agonists
Beta one like alpha one used to treat shock
receptor stimulants
1- β1 R stimulant(addi 😹)
(Adrenaline, dobutamine and isoprenaline) used to treat cardiogenic shock
2- β2 R stimulant(the terrible salmon was repulsive🍣🫁🚺)
(Salbutamol, ritodrine and terbutaline) used to treat asthma and to relax gravid uterus in
premature labour.
β receptor stimulants
Dopaminergic agonist: Dopamine shows dose-dependent response :
- In low dose it stimulates D1R causes vasodilatation.
- In moderate doses, it stimulates β1R causes a +ve entropic effect.
- In higher doses, it stimulates α1R increases BP in shock
Alpha one and alpha two blockers
Yohimbine has a Prada taste
α1 receptor blockers
- Prazosin is used as an antihypertensive agent
- Tamsulosin is a selective prostatic α1R blocker is used in benign
prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).
2- α2 receptor blockers
- Yohimbine treat impotence and reverses clonidine effects
β receptor Blocker
Lol 😆 💊🔪
Propranolol, Pindolol, Timolol, and Nadolol are nonselective
β1R and β2R blockers used in:
- Angina pectoris
- Hypertension
- Cardiac tachyarrythmias.
- Timolol is used in glaucoma.
Atenolol and Metoprolol are β1R selective blockers that cause less bronchospasm and are used in Hypertension.
Mixed !!!
CAR LAB 🚗
Labetalol and Carvedilol are mixed β R and α1R blockers used in Hypertension and angina pectoris.
Cholinergic agonists
Direct
a- NR: Nicotine and Lobeline are not widely used in medicine,
however, nicotine is a stimulant of memory in a patient
with dementia.
b- MR (Methacholine)
1- Pilocarpine is used as a drop to treat closed-angle glaucoma to open aqueous humor drainage it is used to
treat xerostomia since it is a secretomotor drug, but it causes side effects like salivation and diarrhea
Indirect Cholinergic agonists
(ED NEO)
Indirect Cholinesterase inhibitors
a- Edrophonium used for test of myasthenia
b- Neostigmine, Physostigmine, and Pyridostigmine used in the treatment:
- Myasthenia gravis
- Dementia
- Bowel stimulation postoperatively - Atropine poisoning
Cholinergic antagonist
Nm blocker
Depolarizing and non depolarizing (six pan cakes 🥞)
- Depolarizing blockers like suxamethonium
- Non depolarizing blockers like curare, pancuronium
Used as muscle relaxants with anesthesia.
Cholinergic blockers
Muscarinic blockers
Natural alkaloids like atropine and hyoscine used as antispasmodic but have CNS side effects.(hi u seen atropine ? Yes ,he went to fight CNS🔱📛🔥)
- Orphinadrine and benzhexol are used to treat Parkinson’ disease.(parki orphan la bengladesh 🇧🇩 😹)
- Homatropine is used as cycloplegic in eye examination and iridocyclitis.( 👁️ 🩸 👁️ )
- Quaternary amines like
Hyoscine butyl bromide, Clidinium, and propantheline are used to treat bowel hyper-motility and urinary bladder irritation.(proper climbing to hiuseen to solve bowel &bladder problems )
What causes up and dowen regulation of receptor by using specific agonists and antagonists
occurs mainly due to a biological response to signal transduction that will modify gene transcription to return homeostasis.
