Session 1- pregnancy Flashcards
What is the PCHR?
personal child health record (AKA red book)
which is given to all parents at the birth of their child, which can be used for routine health surveillance purposes by parents and health care professionals- i.e. can log vaccinations, growth cherts etc
What information is found in the PCHR?
information sources for the parent
vaccination: time plan, log book for when they’ve had them
screening tests: hearing and eye sight check
growth chart: height, weight and head circumference can be recorded so it can be compared to percentiles
what does a growth chart tell us?
allows us to compare the growth rates of the new born to the growth of children of the same age and gender and see what percentile they will fall into (i.e. if they are in the 50th percentile, this is the median size, half of babies will be above this value and half will be below)
why do we use growth charts?
because they can indicate to us low or slow growth rates which may suggest poor feeding, morbidity or mortality in the child so we can identify this early and hopefully treat it
at what week does the second baby check happen? (by GP or community paeditrician)
8 week baby check
what are the main things a doctor is looking for at the 8 week baby check?
eyes- retinoblastoma, congenital cataracts, conjunctivitis (mother chylamydia?)
heart- congenital heart disease, murmurs(will be the first time they will be audible) saturations
hips- congenital dysplasia
undescended testes- of a male
what other things are done at the 8 week baby check?
weight head circumference - feel fontanels examination of the spine palpation of femoral pulses assessment of hernias
what are the main things to check in the post natal consultation?
encourage mother to breast feed and direct them towards information and guidance on how to assess their babies general condition with warning signs to see if its unwell
warn them of signs to look for in themselves which should indicate they get immediate medical attention:
fever, rigors, abdominal pain
headaches with visual disturbances/N+V
signs of Thromboembolism- i.e. red, painful swollen calf/sudden breathlessness and chest pain
what immunisations are involved in the UK schedule for children?
DTaP/IPV/Hib (Diptheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, inactive polio vaccine, hemophilus influenzae B)
PCV- pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Rotavirus vaccine
Meningitis B
MMR
HPV
what times do children get their vaccinations?
2,3,4 months 12 months 3 yrs 4 months (pre school booster) 12-13 in girls 14 years
at what times do you give the DTaP/IPV/HiB jab to children?
2,3,4 months
then Hib at 12 months
DTaP/IPV at 3 yrs 4 months
then final DT/IPV at 14 years
LISCT the 5 different types of vaccine currently in use, and example of each and any problems they cause?
Live, attenuated - MMR - immunosuppressed people cannot receive them, need refrigeration
Inactive - polio vaccine - weaker response than live ones, so may need booster shots
Subunit- Hep B - uses the epitopes of an antigen which best stimulates the immune system - disadv: difficult and time consuming to find the best antigen/epitope
Conjugate - HiB - special type of subunit vaccine. used on those which have a polysaccharide coat which helps to disguise the antigens from the hosts immune system. This links the antigens/epitopes to the outside of polysaccharide, helping the immune system to respond to the polysaccharide coated microbe.
Toxoid - Diphtheria/tetanus - uses toxins which have been ‘detoxified’
once the body can respond to the toxoid, it can also respond to he natural toxin.
name and explain the 2 new types of vaccine being produced?
DNA vaccine
takes DNA from the microbe, picks the genes with code for their antigens. These genes are injected into the host. their cells take up the DNA and begin producing the antigen. body mounts a very strong immune response to this, and have immunity
Recombinant vector vaccine
similar to DNA virus, but uses and attenuated virus to inject the DNA into he body’s cells, more like a natural infection
