Session 1: Intro To Urinary System Anatomy

Question 1

At what level are the kidneys located?

Answer 1

T11/T12 — L2/L3

Question 2

What are the ureters made of?

Answer 2

Smooth muscle

Question 3

What is the point of a pyramid in the kidney called?

Answer 3

Papillae

Question 4

In which part of the kidney are the collecting ducts located?

Answer 4

Medulla

Question 5

What is a nephron composed of?

Answer 5

A glomerulus and a tubule

Question 6

Where is the renal pelvis?

Answer 6

Superior region of the ureter

Question 7

How is the kidney an endocrine organ?

Answer 7

Synthesises renin, erythropoietin and prostaglandins

Question 8

Which body fluid compartment does the kidneys directly regulate?

Answer 8

Extracellular fluid

Question 9

Which structure forms the stripes of the renal pyramids?

Answer 9

The collecting ducts

Question 10

What drives the process of filtration in the kidneys?

Answer 10

High pressure and leaky capillaries

Question 11

In which region of the kidney does reabsorption mainly occur?

Answer 11

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 12

Why are the epithelial cells of the tubules described as polarised?

Answer 12

The populations of transporters on membranes of either side of the cells are different

Question 13

Which membrane is the Na+/K+ transporter located on?

Answer 13

Basolateral membrane

Question 14

What is the main function of the loop of henle?

Answer 14

Creating a gradient of increasing osmolarity

Question 15

Which region of the nephron does ADH mainly act on?

Answer 15

The collecting duct

Question 16

What vessel supplies the kidneys with blood?

Answer 16

Renal artery (sometimes accessory renal arteries also)

Question 17

Which additional aberrant arteries may also sometimes supply the kidneys?

Answer 17

Superior mesenteric
Suprarenal
Testicular/ovarian

Question 18

At what level does the ureter cross the pelvic brim?

Answer 18

The level of the sacroiliac joint

Question 19

What is the phrase ‘water under the bridge’ used to describe?

Answer 19

The ureter passing under the uterine artery in females

Question 20

What structure does the ureter run under in males?

Answer 20

Ductus deferens

Question 21

What is the muscle of the bladder called?

Answer 21

The detrusor muscle

Question 22

In which area of the bladder is there no rugae?

Answer 22

Within the trigone

Question 23

What shape is the bladder when empty?

Answer 23

A tetrahedron

Question 24

What is the interuteric fold?

Answer 24

A ridge in the bladder between two urethral openings

Question 25

What attaches at the apex of the bladder?

Answer 25

The urachus

Question 26

Name the 3 layers of connective tissue surrounding the kidneys

Answer 26

Renal fascia
Perinephric fat
Fibrous capsule

Question 27

What vessels does the renal artery bifurcate into?

Answer 27

Segmental arteries

Question 28

What artery runs along the renal columns?

Answer 28

Interlobar artery

Question 29

Where in the kidney do the arcuate arteries run?

Answer 29

Along the superior border of the renal pyramids