Session 1: Intro To Urinary System Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

At what level are the kidneys located?

A

T11/T12 — L2/L3

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2
Q

What are the ureters made of?

A

Smooth muscle

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3
Q

What is the point of a pyramid in the kidney called?

A

Papillae

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4
Q

In which part of the kidney are the collecting ducts located?

A

Medulla

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5
Q

What is a nephron composed of?

A

A glomerulus and a tubule

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6
Q

Where is the renal pelvis?

A

Superior region of the ureter

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7
Q

How is the kidney an endocrine organ?

A

Synthesises renin, erythropoietin and prostaglandins

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8
Q

Which body fluid compartment does the kidneys directly regulate?

A

Extracellular fluid

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9
Q

Which structure forms the stripes of the renal pyramids?

A

The collecting ducts

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10
Q

What drives the process of filtration in the kidneys?

A

High pressure and leaky capillaries

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11
Q

In which region of the kidney does reabsorption mainly occur?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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12
Q

Why are the epithelial cells of the tubules described as polarised?

A

The populations of transporters on membranes of either side of the cells are different

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13
Q

Which membrane is the Na+/K+ transporter located on?

A

Basolateral membrane

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14
Q

What is the main function of the loop of henle?

A

Creating a gradient of increasing osmolarity

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15
Q

Which region of the nephron does ADH mainly act on?

A

The collecting duct

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16
Q

What vessel supplies the kidneys with blood?

A

Renal artery (sometimes accessory renal arteries also)

17
Q

Which additional aberrant arteries may also sometimes supply the kidneys?

A

Superior mesenteric
Suprarenal
Testicular/ovarian

18
Q

At what level does the ureter cross the pelvic brim?

A

The level of the sacroiliac joint

19
Q

What is the phrase ‘water under the bridge’ used to describe?

A

The ureter passing under the uterine artery in females

20
Q

What structure does the ureter run under in males?

A

Ductus deferens

21
Q

What is the muscle of the bladder called?

A

The detrusor muscle

22
Q

In which area of the bladder is there no rugae?

A

Within the trigone

23
Q

What shape is the bladder when empty?

A

A tetrahedron

24
Q

What is the interuteric fold?

A

A ridge in the bladder between two urethral openings

25
What attaches at the apex of the bladder?
The urachus
26
Name the 3 layers of connective tissue surrounding the kidneys
Renal fascia Perinephric fat Fibrous capsule
27
What vessels does the renal artery bifurcate into?
Segmental arteries
28
What artery runs along the renal columns?
Interlobar artery
29
Where in the kidney do the arcuate arteries run?
Along the superior border of the renal pyramids