Session 1 - Global Health + Public Health

Question 1

What is the demographic transition model?

Answer 1

Graph that illustrates the change in total population due to changes in birth and death rates. Countries are at different places in the model depending on their development.

Question 2

What is the ‘baby boom’?

Answer 2

There was a rapid increase in the number of babies born soon after the Second World War. This caused a big increase in population size.

Question 3

What is the global income distribution?

Answer 3

Richest 20% of the population earn 80% of the world’s income.
Poorest 20% of the population earn 1.4% of world income.

Question 4

How does the structure of employment change as a country develops economically?

Answer 4

Increase in people working in services, fewer people working in agriculture and industry.

Question 5

What is a population pyramid?

Answer 5

Represents the structure of the population - gives an indication of the birth rate, death rate and whether the size of the population is increasing or decreasing.

Question 6

What is the Sustainable Development Index (SDI)?

Answer 6

An index of development that takes into account different measures such as birth rate, infant mortality rate, GDP per capita etc. More developed countries generally have a higher SDI.

Question 7

What are the Sustainable Development Goals?

Answer 7

A universal set of goals that aim to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure peace and prosperity. The goals are more likely to be reached by countries with a higher SDI.

Question 8

Name the 3 things that affect population health.

Answer 8

Demographic shape (age-sex proportions)
Economic composition (wealth distributions)
Behavioural and lifestyle factors (diet and exercise)

Question 9

Name the 3 things that burden of disease, disability and ageing depend on:

Answer 9

Population size
Population shape
Age-sex specific rates

Question 10

What is public health?

Answer 10

It’s about preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health.

Question 11

What is the difference between life expectancy and health life expectancy?

Answer 11

Life expectancy is the average age that a person can expect to live to. Health life expectancy is the period of your life where you are disability free (in good health).

Question 12

Describe the 3 stages of disease prevention - primary, secondary and tertiary.

Answer 12

• primary - putting interventions in place to prevent problems from occurring e.g. Campaigns about the risk of alcohol
• secondary - putting interventions in place for problems that are starting to occur e.g. GP giving alcohol identification advice
• tertiary - putting interventions in place to stop established problems getting any worse e.g. Giving vitamin supplements to an alcoholic

Question 13

What are the 3 domains of public health?

Answer 13

Health protection
Health improvement
Healthcare public health