Session #1. Factors affecting wine style and quality. Chapters 4 & 5. Flashcards
What can stems add to a wine?
Tannins
What is the term given to the development of colour in grapes?
Véraison
What is another name for Botrytis?
Noble rot
Which red grape requires a warm climate to succesfully ripen?
Grenache
Most vineyards are planted between what latitudes north and south of the equator?
30° and 50°
Geographical Indications (GI). What are the two categories used in the EU, and which has more tightly defined regulations.
PDO (Protected Designation of Origin), and PGI (Protected Geographical Indication). PDO has more tightly defined regulations
What is the potential sweetness level of a Late-harvest wine?
Dry all the way to sweet.
What is contained within grape skins that have an influence on wine style?
Tannins Colour Flavour
Which white grape grows well in cool, moderate and warm climates?
Chardonnay
What word describes the creation of sugars from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water using light energy?
Photosynthesis
Is the quality of wine defined by the method of harvesting?
No. High quality wine can be made from both hand harvested and machine harvested grapes. For the machine harvested grapes the quality grapes can be selected at the winery.
What is the formula for the creation of alcohol?
Yeast converts sugar into alcohol (plus CO2 and warmth is created, and aromas change).
Red wines are fermented at what temperature?
20°C to 32°C (68°F-90°F)
The use of lees (leaving wine to rest on the dead yeast cells - the lees) can create what flavours? x2
Bread and biscuit
What are the stages for white wine making…
Crushing - pressing - fermentation
Rosé wines are fermented at what temperature?
12°C to 22°C (54°F-72°F)
If oxygen interacts with a red or white wine what effect does it have on flavour?
Causes flavours such as caramel, dried fruit and and nuts.
Which type of oak barrel will have the most effect on a wine? New or old?
New - more vanilla chemical flavour in the oak.
What effect does a malolactic conversion have on a wine?
Lowers the acidity, creates buttery flavour
If oxygen interacts with a red wine what effect can it have on the tannins?
Softens the tannins.
Which type of oak barrel will have the most effect on a wine? Large or small?
Small (greater surface area in contact with wine)
Identify 2 methods for helping extract colour, flavour and tannin from the cap/red grape skins.
Punching down Pumping over
What level of acidity is associated with most sweet white wine?
High This is partly because acidity is concentrated along with sweetness in the grapes, but also because it’s needed to balance the sweetness for a refreshing but sweet style.
Which method for producing sweet wines results in pure varietal character?
Frozen grapes/IceWine.
