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JD LACM pharmacology > session 1 - bovine resp pharm > Flashcards

session 1 - bovine resp pharm Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of beta lactams

A

block cell wall synthesis

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2
Q

natural beta lactam antibiotics from fungi and are primarily active against gram-positive bacterial pathogens

A

Penicillin G and penicillin V

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3
Q

spectrum of action of Penicillin G and penicillin V

A

gram-positive, no gram neg

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4
Q

spectrum of action of ampicillin and amoxicillin

A

gram + > gram -

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5
Q

addition of a hydroxyl group (-OH) to amoxicillin is useful in what way?

A

inc oral bioavailability

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6
Q

lactamase-resistant penicillins

A

Methicillin

Cloxacillin (primarily G+ cocci aka “anti-staph penicillin”)

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7
Q

indications for penicillins in cattle:

A

Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD), mastitis, metritis, and foot rot from susceptible microorganisms, including Fusobacterium necrophorum, Trueperella pyogenes, Pasturella multocida, Strep. agalactiae, and Staph. (other than aureus)

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8
Q

fusobacterium

A

gra neg anaerobe

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9
Q

AE of penicillin

A

hypersensitivity

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10
Q

route of administration of cloxacillin

A

intra mammary

Prolonged activity due to extended release in mammary gland

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11
Q

route of administration of amoxicillin

A

oral

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12
Q

which of the following beta lactams used in cattle can be given SC?

penicillin
ampicillin
amoxicillin
cloxacillin

A

ampicillin

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13
Q

which of the following beta lactams used in cattle has good oral bioavailability?

penicillin
ampicillin
amoxicillin
cloxacillin

A

amoxicillin

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14
Q

are penicillins or cephalosporins more susceptible to enzymatic inactivation by β-lactamases?

A

penicillins

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15
Q

advancing cephalosporin generations is for greater Gram – coverage and increasing resistance to bacterial lactamases.

A
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16
Q

route of administration of cephapirin

A

inta mammary

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17
Q

cephapirin

A

1st get cephalosporin

intra mamary admin

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18
Q

of the cephalosporins used in cattle, which generations are they classified as?

ceftiofur
cephapirin

A

cephapirin - 1st

ceftiofur - 3rd

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19
Q

AE of cefiofur

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, inappetance

Hypersensitivity: Anaphylaxis, cytopenias

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20
Q

What diseases are tetracyclines indicated for?

A

concentrate intracellularly (mycoplasma and lepto), some class members more than others.

concentrates in the epithelial lining of the airways (resp infections).

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21
Q

AE of rapid IV injection of tetracyclines?

A

collapse in cattle.

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22
Q

AE of tetracyclines in cattle:

A

tooth discoloration
rumen stasis (high PO doses)
hypersensitivity (swelling, dyspnea, collapse)
embryotoxic (early loss, later retarded bone growth )

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23
Q

MOA of ainoglycosides

A

inhibit protein synthesis

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24
Q

What microbes are aminoglycosides effective against?

A

Aminoglycosides have primarily a G- aerobic spectrum, with limited G+ aerobic coverage, and no anaerobic coverage.

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25
Q

What microbes are tetracyclines effective against?

A

broad spectrum

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26
Q

What microbes are beta lactams effective against?

A

gram pos –> gram neg

penicillin, amoxicillin, cephalosporins

27
Q

AE of aminoglycosides

A

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, as well as the potential to cause neuromuscular blockade.

28
Q

Are aminoglycosides commonly used in food animals?

A

NO. two distinct phase of drug clearance, with the first rapid phase followed by a long second phase that results in tissue drug residues for extended durations following discontinuation of therapy.

29
Q

What is a use of orally administered neomycin in calves?

A

calves to treat GI infections from pathogenic E. Coli.

30
Q

MOA of fluoroquinolones

A

inhibit DNA

31
Q

what is the primary use of fluoroquinolones?

A

bovine resp disease

susceptible strains of Pasturella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, and Mycoplasma bovis.

32
Q

what is the route of admin of enrofloxacin and danofloxacin?

A

SQ

33
Q

MOA sulfonamides

A

antimetabolites

bacteriostatic inhibition of growth against a wide spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.

34
Q

uses for sulfonamides in cattle:

A

cattle sulfonamides can be used to treat BRD. Potentiated sulfonamides (sulfa-trimethoprim) have been used to treat pathogenic E. coli GI infections in calves.

35
Q

What microbes are sulfonamides effective against?

A

broad spectrum

aerobes

36
Q

What microbes are fluoroquinolones effective against?

A

aerobes

37
Q

which drug classes are ineffective against anaerobes?

A

fluorquinolones
aminoglycosides
sulfonamides

38
Q

AE of sulfonamides?

A

hypersensitivity, depress rumen function (usually temporary), possibly teratogenic

39
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: any use of TMS in cattle is ELDU

A

TRUE

No FDA approval for trimethoprim, would be ELUD

40
Q

What microbes are MACROLIDES effective against?

A

Primarily G+, some G- bovine respiratory pathoge

41
Q

use for macrolides in cattle:

A

Bovine Respiratory Disease (M.haemolytica, Mycoplasma, P. multocida

42
Q

what AE does tylosin have in cattle if given orally?

A

SEVERE DIARRHEa

43
Q

Gamithromycin

A

macrolide

44
Q

Tildipirosin

A

macrolide

45
Q

Tilmicosin

A

macrolide

46
Q

Tulathromycin

A

macrolide

47
Q

erythromycin

A

macrolide

48
Q

Pirlilmycin

A

lincosamide

49
Q

route of admin of Pirlilmycin

A

intra-mammary

50
Q

route of admin of Lincosamide

A

IM

Do not give orally to fermenters and pigs

51
Q

is Lincosaide FDA approved for use in cattle?

A

Use in Cattle is ELUD

52
Q

what is the main use of lincosamides in cattle?

A

treatment of Staphylococcal mastitis (e.g. Staph. aureus)

53
Q

What microbes are lincosamides effective against?

A

G+ aerobes (staph), good anaerobe coverage

54
Q

Spectinomycin

A

aminocyclitols

similar to aminoglycosides

55
Q

Florfenicol

A

similar to chloramphenicol

56
Q

What are three reasons a drug may be prohibited or restricted to be used in Food Animals?

A

cancer, toxicity, bacterial resistance

57
Q

List the drugs prohibited for any use in food animal

A

chloramphenicol, DES, clenbuterol, nitromidazoles, nitrofurans, glycopeptides

58
Q

Name the three indications for treatment and describe the difference?​

A

Prevention- NO animals are showing clinical signs but, you think the possibility of infection is possible due to history, clinical judgment of the situation, or epidemiological knowledge
Control- An animal is sub-acute, or there are individuals of animals already showing clinical signs in a larger group.
Treatment- Giving an animal antimicrobials when showing clinical signs

59
Q

Name the 7 edible tissues from animals which are consumed by humans that can develop residues.

A

Fat, muscle, liver, kidney, skin, milk, eggs, honey

60
Q

Name the route of administration AMDUCA allows ELDU.

A

Parentally, intramammary, Topically, or in-water

61
Q

What 4 possible scenarios allow you to use a non-label drug as an EDLU​?

A

When there is not a drug labeled which:

Has a clinically effective drug
Has the needed ingredient
Not in the proper dosage form
Labeled for the indication/disease

62
Q

What microbes are aminoglycosides ineffective against?

A

do not use for anaerobes

63
Q

Can you use fluoroquinolone on dairy cows?

A

only before 20 months

begin breeding at 24 months in dairy

JD LACM pharmacology (3 decks)

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