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head and neck > session 1 > Flashcards

session 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Major compartments of The head:

A
  1. The cranial cavity
  2. Two ears
  3. Two orbits
  4. Two nasal cavities
  5. An oral cavity
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2
Q

Head skeleton. numbers

A

22 bones.

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3
Q

Head skeleton divide into two-part?

A

Cranium + Mandible

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4
Q

Cranium bones divide to?

A

Calvaria + Face

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5
Q

Calvaria( skull cap) consists of several bones?

A

The bones forming the calvaria are mainly

the paired temporal and parietal bones
,
parts of the unpaired frontal, sphenoid, and occipital bones.

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6
Q

Facial skeleton

A 
The bones forming the facial skeleton
-palatine bones(2)
-nasal bones, (2)
-lacrimal bones(2)
-zygomatic bones, (2)
-inferior nasal conchae(2)
 vomer.(1)
maxillae(1)
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7
Q

Several bones of the head articulating with each other by ?

A

immovable fibrous joints called sutures.

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8
Q

define( fontanelles)

A

large membranous and unossified gaps (fontanelles) particularly between the large flat bones of the skull covering the top of the cranial cavity in a fetus

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9
Q

what fontanelles allow

A
  1. the head to deform during its passage through the birth canal
  2. postnatal growth.
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10
Q

SCALP layers consist from?

A

It is a multilayered structure that covers the bones of the skull

  1. S- skin
  2. C- connective tissue (dense)
  3. A- aponeurotic layer
  4. L- loose connective tissue
  5. P- pericranium
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11
Q

from where the borders of the sclap

A

from superciliary arches anteriorly to the external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal lines posteriorly. Laterally it continues inferiorly to the zygomatic arch

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12
Q

Innervation of scalp (anterior to the ear and varex )?

A
  1. Supratrochlear nerve
  2. Supra-orbital nerve
  3. Zygomaticotemporal nerve
  4. Auriculotemporal nerve
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13
Q

which main nerve responsible for supplying the anterior of the scalp

A

The trigeminal nerve (CN V)

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14
Q

The supratrochlear nerve,

A

branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve—–

it passes backward close to the median plane and reaches nearly as far as the vertex of the skull

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15
Q

The supraorbital nerve

A

a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve,—–. It supplies the scalp as far backward as the vertex

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16
Q

The zygomaticotemporal nerve

A

a branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve, supplies the scalp over the temple

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17
Q

.Auriculotemporal nerve cautenous innervation

A

a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve—Its terminal branches supply the skin over the temporal region

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18
Q

which nerves supply the Posterior to the ears and the vertex:

A
  1. Great auricular nerve
  2. Lesser occipital nerve
  3. Greater occipital nerve
  4. Third occipital nerve
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19
Q

.Great auricular nerve

A

Spinal nerves C2 and C3 via cervical plexus—-supply Skin overlying angle of mandible and inferior lobe of auricle; parotid sheath

20
Q

Great auricular Ascends vertically across ———-

A

sternocleidomastoid

21
Q

Lesser occipital nerve supply?

A

Spinal nerves C2 and C3 via cervical plexus——supply Scalp posterior to auricle

22
Q

Lesser occipital follows posterior border of ————-

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

23
Q

Greater occipital nerve

A

As medial branch of posterior ramus of spinal nerve C2——-Scalp of occipital region

24
Q

Third occipital nerve

A

As lateral branch of posterior ramus of spinal nerve C3—–Scalp of lower occipital and sub occipital regions

25
Q

Blood supply of the scalp

A

A. Branches from the ophthalmic artery:
• The supratrochlear A
• The supra-orbital A

B. Branches from the external carotid artery:
• Posterior auricular artery
• Occipital artery
• Superficial temporal artery

26
Q

The superficial temporal artery pass—–to the auricle

A

in front

27
Q

Orbital group – facial muscles

A

corrugator supercilii , orbicularis oculi

28
Q

orbicularis oculi (Palpebral part ) function

A

gently closes the eyelids

29
Q

corrugator supercilii function

A

draw the eyelid medially and inferiorly

30
Q

orbicularis oculi ( Orbital part) function

A

overlying the orbital rim and attached to the frontal bone and maxilla medially, tightly closes the eyelids (as in winking or squinting) to protect the eyeballs against glare and dust

31
Q

• Oral group

A
  1. Orbicularis oris
  2. Buccinator muscles
    .3. Zygomaticus major muscle.
  3. Zygomaticus minor muscle
  4. Risoruis muscle
    .5. Levator labi superioris alaci nasi
  5. Levator anguli oris
  6. Depressor anguli oris
    . 8.Depressor labi inferioris
  7. Metalis mucle
32
Q

Auricular muscles:

A

Anterior auricular muscle
Superior auricular muscle
Posterior auricular muscle

33
Q

Muscles of mastication

A
  1. Masseter muscle
  2. Temporalis muscle.
  3. Medial pterygoid muscle.
  4. Lateral pterygoid muscles
34
Q

Blood supply of face

A

Primarily from branches of the external carotid artery

  • 1.Facial A.: mian blood supply
    2. Superfcial temporal A.
    3. Maxillary A

-4.Ophthalmic artery—internal carotid artery

35
Q

Venous drainage of face

A

Anterior facial + aneriot branch of retromandibular v. form common facial v. that drain into internal jugular v.

• Posterior branch of retromandibular v. join posterior auricular v. to form external jugular v.

36
Q

Lymphatics of face

A
  1. submental nodes
  2. submandibular nodes
  3. pre-auricular and parotid
37
Q

The cutaneous innervation of the face

A

a)Ophthalmic (V1) b)Maxillary (V2) c)Mandibular (V3)

all these branches from the trigeminal nerve

38
Q

describe the position of the partoid gland

A

The largest major salivary gland in the head lies anterior to and below the lower half of the ear, superficial, posterior, and deep to the ramus of the mandible

39
Q

Several major structures pass through or just deep to the parotid gland

A

facial nerve, external carotid artery and retromandibular vein

40
Q

❖Sensory innervation of parotid gland

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

41
Q

❖Secretomotor innervation of partoid

A

Auriculotemporal nerve, (postganglionic parasympathetic fibers have their origin in the otic ganglion)

42
Q

Five terminal groups of branches of the facial nerve

A

-the temporal, zygomatic , buccal , marginal mandibular, and cervical branches-

43
Q

Retromandibular vein

A

It is formed in the substance of the parotid gland when the superficial temporal and maxillary veins join together

44
Q

Most common facial fracture?

A

the fracture of the nasal bones

45
Q

Fractures usually occur at weak points like

A

Ptrion

  • Squamous temporal and parietal bones over the temples and the sphenoid air sinus
  • The middle cranial fossa

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and the roof of
the orbits in the anterior cranial fossa;

• Areas between the mastoid and dural sinuses in the posterior cranial fossa

46
Q

Facial nerve:

• exits the skull through the؟

A

through the stylomastoid foramen

47
Q

External carotid dividing into its two terminal branches (the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries at——-

A

near to lower lob of the ear

head and neck (3 decks)

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