Session 1-2

Question 1

Cognitivism

Answer 1

Based on the thought process behind the behavior. Attempting to go beyond behaviorism by attempting to explain how they reason. Pays more attention to the student’s self evaluation of their learning ability

Question 2

Constructivism

Answer 2

Stages of cognitive development. Sensorimotor stage, Pre-operational stage, Concrete operations stage, and formal operations stage.

Question 3

Humanism

Answer 3

A body of philosophies and ethical perspectives that emphasize the value of human beings, both individually and collectively and puts more importance on rational thought rather than faith.

Question 4

Who is associated with Behaviorism?

Answer 4

Ivan Pavlov- known for classical conditioning, stimulus response
John Watson-coined the term “behaviorism” and applied classical conditioning to humans
Edward Thorndike-connectionism
B.F Skinner- catch them doing something well and reward them

Question 5

Who is associated with Cognitivism?

Answer 5

Robert Gagne- conditions of learning 9 events of instruction
Jerome Bruner- discovery learning and spiral curriculum

Question 6

Who is associated with Constructivism?

Answer 6

John Piaget- Stages of Cognitive Development
Lev Vygotky- Social Development Theory
David Ausubel- Subsumption Theory
Advanced organizers to provide structure for new information and link prior knowledge
Jerome Bruner- discover learning

Question 7

Who is associated with Humanism?

Answer 7

Abraham Maslow- hierarchy of needs. You have to have your biological abd physiological needs met before you feel safe
Carl Rogers- experiential learning
Empathetic learning, prizing the learner
Jean Rousseau- learning through experience
Importance of expression rather than repression
Johann Pestalozzi
Concrete to abstract
Originator of the field trip
Howard Gardner- multiple intelligences

Question 8

Bloom’s Taxonomy

Answer 8

Remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, creating

Question 9

Which learning theory operates on a principle of stimulus-response?

Answer 9

Behaviorism

Question 10

Which learning theory is knowledge seen as schema or symbolic mental constructions?

Answer 10

Constructivism

Question 11

Which learning theory best describes the following?
Learning is an active, contextualized process of constructing knowledge rather than acquiring it
Knowledge is based on personal experiences and hypotheses
Each person has a different interpretation and construction of knowledge process

Answer 11

Constructivism

Question 12

Rogers and Maslow are associated with which learning theory?

Answer 12

Humanism

Question 13

Which learning theory reflects the following?
People act with intentionality and values
It is necessary to study the person as a whole
It follows the study of self, motivation, and goals are areas of particular interest
Affective and cognitive needs are key and the goal is to develop self-actualized people in a cooperative environment

Answer 13

Humanism

Question 14

Gagne is associated with which learning theory?

Answer 14

Cognitivism

Question 15

Who developed these eight conditions of learning and Nine Events of Instruction?

Answer 15

Robert Gagne

Question 16

Eight conditions of Learning:

Answer 16

Signal Learning 
Stimulus-response learning
Chaining
Verbal association 
Discrimination Learning
Concept Learning
Rule learning
Problem solving

Question 17

What is design-based research?

Answer 17

Set of analytical practice that attempts to bridge theory and practice in education. More practical and more involved with what is happening in the real world.

Question 18

How is DBR similar to pragmatism?

Answer 18

It is grounded in theory and real world context and it is flexible and practical. Pragmatism is intelligent practice of things

Question 19

DBR falls under what learning theory?

Answer 19

Constructivism

Question 20

Which learning theory supports the notion that behavior is shaped through positive and negative reinforcement?

Answer 20

Behaviorism

Question 21

When Vygotsky, Piaget, and Dewey are associated together it is under which learning theory?

Answer 21

Constructivism

Question 22

Which learning theory is the learner viewed as an information processor, much like a computer?

Answer 22

Cognitivism

Question 23

Watson, Pavlov, and Skinner are associated with which learning theory?

Answer 23

Behaviorism

Question 24

For which learning theory is “learning” defined as a change in behavior?

Answer 24

Behaviorism

Question 25

Who developed this paradigm of Hierarcy of needs? What does it mean?

Answer 25

Abraham Maslow, you have to have your biological and physiological needs met before you feel safe

Question 26

Who came up with Stages of Cognitive Development?

Answer 26

Jean Piaget

Question 27

Who came up with “pragmatism”?

Answer 27

John Dewey

Question 28

Describe Multiple Intelligence Theory by Howard Gardner

Answer 28

Gardner has identified seven distinct intelligences. According to this theory, “we are all able to know the world through language, logical-mathematical analysis, spatial representation, musical thinking, the use of the body to solve problems, and understanding of other individuals as well as ourselves. Where individuals differ is the strength of these intelligences.

Question 29

Describe Edwin Gordon’s Music Learning Theory

Answer 29

Includes eight levels of skill in 2 basic categories: Discrimination and Inference

1. Aural (rote teaching)
2. Verbal association (note naming)
3. Partial Synthesis (recognizing logic)
4. Symbolic Association ( reading and writing symbols)
5. Composite Synthesis
6. Generalization
7. Creativity/improvisation
8. Theoretical Understanding

Question 30

Edwin Gordon coined the term “audiation”. What does it mean?

Answer 30

When we hear and comprehend music for which the sound is no longer or may never have been present.

Question 31

Define Social Development Theory

Answer 31

Social interaction proceeds development; consciousness and cognition are the end product of socialization and social behavior

Question 32

Orff Method

Answer 32

Exploration of space through movement, sound through voice and instrument, form through improvisation.

Question 33

Kodaly Method define

Answer 33

Prepare, present, and practice

Question 34

Dalcroze Method

Answer 34

Eurythmics, solfege fixed do, improvisation.

Question 35

Suzuki Method

Answer 35

Parent involvement, early beginning, listening, repetition, encouragement, learning with other children, graded repertoire, delayed reading

Question 36

Behaviorism

Answer 36

Behaviors can be measured, trained, and changed. Based on the idea that all behaviors are aquired through conditioning.

Question 37

Define Empirical Research

Answer 37

a way of gaining knowledge through a means of direct and indirect observation.

Question 38

Define Quantitative Research

Answer 38

explaining phenomena by collecting numerical data and it is analyzed by using mathematically based methods.

Question 39

Qualitative Research

Answer 39

aimed at gathering an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior

Question 40

What are Intrinsic and Extrinsic motivation?

Answer 40

Exstrinsic motivation is behavior that is motivated y a reward or punishment. Intrinsic is engaging in a certain type of behavior because you find it rewarding.

Question 41

Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction

Answer 41

Gaining attention, informing the learner of the objective, stimulating recall, presenting new material, providing learning guidance, eliciting performance, providing feedback about correctness, assessing performance, enhancing retention.