Session 1 Flashcards
Define Primary Health Care (PHC).
A comprehensive approach to health that emphasizes prevention, health promotion, and the treatment of common illnesses.
Define Person Centred Care (PCC).
A model of care that focuses on the individual needs, preferences, and values of patients.
What is a health care system?
An organized structure of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of populations.
True or False: Self-directed learning is not important for student nurses.
False
Fill in the blank: _______ in Health Care refers to creating an environment that recognizes and respects the cultural identities of patients.
[Cultural Safety]
What are the professional standards of practice for nurses and midwives?
-Uphold the reputation of the profession
- act with honesty and integrity
- treat people fairly
- act as role models
- be aware of behavior impact
- communicate responsibly.
What is the definition of Primary Health Care (PHC)?
Essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound methods made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community.
It aims for self-reliance and is integral to the health system.
What are the aims of Primary Health Care?
- Build self-reliance
- Include families in care delivery
- Adopt a cooperative approach
- Facilitate continuity of care
- Work with marginalized groups
- Use technology appropriately
These aims highlight the holistic approach of PHC.
What is the World Health Organization’s definition of Primary Health Care?
Essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and families through their full participation at a cost affordable to the community.
This definition emphasizes community involvement and affordability.
What are the key principles of Primary Health Care?
- Accessible health care
- Appropriate technology
- Health promotion
- Cultural sensitivity
- Intersectoral collaboration
- Community participation
- Effective communication
These principles guide the delivery of PHC.
What are the 5 levels of Primary Health Care?
- Health Promotion and education
- Disease and Injury prevention
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Rehabilitative Care
- Supportive Care
These levels represent the comprehensive nature of PHC services.
What types of services are included in Primary Health Care?
- General practice services
- Prevention of disease
- Health screening
- Early intervention
- Treatment and management
Services target various population groups and health conditions.
What distinguishes Primary Health Care (PHC) from Primary Care (PC)?
PHC includes multidisciplinary services and focuses on health promotion, while PC typically refers to ‘family doctor-type’ services focusing on treatment.
PHC is broader and more community-oriented than PC.
What is Person Centred Care (PCC)?
An approach to health care that involves mutual partnerships among patients, their families, and health care providers.
It should be practiced in all health and aged care settings.
What are the core concepts of Person Centred Care?
- Dignity and Respect
- Participation
- Information Sharing
- Collaboration
These concepts support individuals in their care decisions.
Fill in the blank: Primary health care works best when it is adapted to suit the specific needs of the _______.
[local community]
True or False: Primary Health Care is provided primarily in hospitals.
False
PHC is typically delivered in community settings, not hospitals.
What role does technology play in Primary Health Care?
Technology is used appropriately to enhance health care delivery.
It should be relevant and beneficial to the community’s needs.
What is the significance of cultural safety in health care?
It addresses inequalities and respects diverse cultural backgrounds in health care delivery.
Cultural safety ensures that care is appropriate and sensitive to the needs of different communities.
What does the term ‘community participation’ mean in the context of Primary Health Care?
The involvement of the community as partners in planning and delivering health services.
Community participation ensures that health services meet local needs.
What is the importance of communication in nursing practice?
Effective communication is imperative for student nurses to master, ensuring clear information sharing and collaboration.
Good communication fosters trust and understanding between patients and health care providers.
What is person-centred care?
Treating each person as an individual, protecting their dignity, respecting their rights & preferences, and developing a therapeutic relationship built on mutual trust and empathic understanding.
What are the key components of participation in person-centred care?
Patients and families are encouraged and supported in participating in care and decision-making at the level they choose.
What does information sharing in health care involve?
Health care practitioners communicate and share complete and unbiased information with patients and families in ways that are affirming and useful.
What are the impacts of person-centred care on quality of care?
- Improved self-esteem
- Improved quality of life
- Less agitation
- Improved education & understanding
- Less anxiety leading to better sleep patterns
List some benefits of person-centred care.
- Better patient and community experience
- Better workforce experience and improved wellbeing
- Better clinical outcomes, safety, and quality
What does the Australian Nursing & Midwifery Federation define health as?
A state of complete physical, emotional, social and cultural well-being, enabling individuals to achieve their full potential.
What is the definition of a health system according to the World Health Organisation?
All activities whose primary purpose is to promote, restore and/or maintain health.
What are the national health priorities in Australia?
- Regulation of health workforce
- Education and training of health professionals
- Regulation of pharmaceuticals and pharmacies
- Support improvements in safety and quality of health care
- Funding of public health programs and services
- Funding of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health services
Who are considered disadvantaged groups in Australia?
- People without a home
- Indigenous Australians
- People living in rural areas
- People living in poverty
- Elderly
- People with no access to medical assistance
- People living with permanent disability
- People from certain racial & ethnic minority groups
What is cultural safety?
An ongoing process of accepting and respecting differences, including having general cultural and cultural-specific information.
How does cultural safety influence healthcare delivery?
- Roles & expectations about care delivery
- Understanding & managing illness
- Roles of patients, carers & family members
- Information desired and decision-making role
- Perspectives on death, dying, and grief
What is the aim of the health system in Australia?
To prevent disease and maintain health, not just to treat illness.
Fill in the blank: A good health system delivers _______ services to all people, when and where they need them.
[quality]
True or False: Cultural competence is a static process.
False
What are some characteristics of cultural safety in nursing practice?
- Development of self-awareness
- Focus on the patient’s experience as the determinant of effective care
- Avoidance of stereotyping
What does the Australian Code of Ethics for Nurses state?
Nursing care should not be compromised because of ethnicity, culture, gender, or any other ground.
What influences individual views on health?
- Personal knowledge & experience
- Life circumstances
- Cultural background
- Socioeconomic status
What is the role of patients in decision-making in healthcare?
Making decisions about healthcare is a shared responsibility involving the patient, family, and healthcare professionals.
What are some examples of national health priorities?
- Asthma
- Cancer control
- Cardiovascular health
- Dementia
- Diabetes mellitus
- Injury prevention
- Mental health
- Arthritis & Musculoskeletal conditions
- COVID
What is the primary focus of primary health care?
The primary focus of primary health care is to provide accessible, comprehensive, and community-based care.
What are the key components of primary health care?
- Health promotion
- Disease prevention
- Treatment of common illnesses
- Rehabilitation
- Palliative care
True or False: Primary health care is only concerned with physical health.
False
Fill in the blank: Primary health care emphasizes _______ and _______.
prevention and health promotion
What is the role of Primary Health Networks (PHNs)?
To enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of medical services for patients.
What document outlines the National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards?
National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards (second edition)
Which organization published the Declaration of Alma-Ata?
World Health Organization
What does ANMF stand for?
Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation
What is the significance of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW)?
AIHW provides data insights and reports on health and welfare in Australia.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for setting professional standards for registered nurses in Australia.
Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA)
What is the aim of the Cultural Diversity Plan by Health and Human Services?
To improve health service delivery for diverse cultural groups.
What is the purpose of the Australian Medical Association (AMA) position statement on General Practice in Primary Health Care?
To outline the role and importance of general practice in the primary health care system.
True or False: Primary health care is only delivered by doctors.
False
What is person-centred nursing?
An approach that places the individual at the center of their care.
What type of care does primary health care include for chronic conditions?
Management and support for chronic conditions.
Fill in the blank: The _______ provides guidelines for professional standards in nursing.
Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA)
What year was the first report on National Health Priority Areas published by AIHW?
2024
What does the acronym PHN stand for?
Primary Health Network
List three aspects of health that primary health care addresses.
- Physical health
- Mental health
- Social well-being
