Session 1

Question 1

What is Energy

Answer 1

the capacity to do work

Question 2

What is the unit of energy?

Answer 2

Joule and also calories

1cal=4.184j

Question 3

In what forms energy exists

Answer 3

-Thermal
-Light
-Mechanical
-Electrical
-Osmotic
-Chemical

Question 4

What chemical bond energy is used for?

Answer 4

It’s used to drive energy requiring activities in the cells of human body

Question 5

What chemical bond energy used for?

Answer 5

Some of this energy is conserved by the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphate (Pi)

Question 6

The reminder of chemical bond energy is lost as what?

Answer 6

Remainder is lost as heat.

Question 7

Controlled release of energy from ATP in cells (ATP-ADP cycle) is used to

Answer 7

perform biological work such as movement, membrane transport and biosynthesis.

Question 8

Define metabolism

Answer 8

Is the processes which derive energy and raw materials support:
• repair
• growth
• activity of the tissues of the body

Question 9

What is the two types of metabolism

Answer 9

Catabolism and anabolism

Question 10

Define catabolism

Answer 10

Breaks down large molecules to small molecules to release Energy

Question 11

Uses Energy to make molecules for growth and maintenance

Answer 11

Anabolism

Question 12

daily energy expenditure has three components:

Answer 12

-Energy to support our basal metabolism-basal metabolic rate (BMR)
-Energy for voluntary physical activities
-Energy required to process the food we eat (diet-induced thermogenesis)

Question 13

is the rate at which the body expends energy (calories) to maintain essential life functions at rest

Answer 13

BMR

Question 14

Major tissues contributing BMR

Answer 14

-Skeletal muscle about 30% of BMR
-Liver 20%
-Brain 20%
-Heart 10%
-Other 20%

Question 15

Percentage if fat carb and protein

Answer 15

58% carbohydrate, 12% protein, and 30% fat content

Question 16

Fat is

Answer 16

9kcal/g

Question 17

Calculate BMR

Answer 17

BMR = weight in kg* 100

Question 18

What are the factors effecting BMR

Answer 18

-body size
-gender (male bmr is higher)
-temperature
-reproductive hormonesincrease in pregnancy)
-endocrine status( increasing in hyperthyroidism)
-

Question 19

How does temperature effect BMR

Answer 19

BMR increases by 10% for each 1c in body temperature

Question 20

How to calculate voluntary physical activity?

Answer 20

-Sedentary person BMR+30%of BMR(30 kJ/kg/d)
–Moderate activity BMR+65% of BMR (65kJ/kg/d)
-Very active BMR+100% ofBMR)100kJ/kg/d)

Question 21

What is DIT

Answer 21

DIT is energy dissipated as heat after a meal

Question 22

What is the effect of The ingestion of nutrientson body heat?

Answer 22

causes an obligatory increase in heat production by the body as a result of the metabolic costs of digestion, absorption, metabolism, and storage of nutrients

Question 23

How to calculate daily energy expenditure?

Answer 23

BMR + Energy required for Voluntary Physical Activity + 10% of these values to reflect diet induced thermogenesis.

Question 24

What does blood contain?

Answer 24

–Nutrients from diet on way to tissues for: Utilization, Storage, Inter-conversion
–Nutrients released from storage on way to utilization elsewhere
–Materials produced in cells for blood itself Proteins, clotting factors etc
–Waste products from tissues on way to excretion

Question 25

Tissue Storage Interconversion Utilization
•Kidney
•Liver
•Adipose tissue
•Skeletal muscle
•Red blood cells
•Heart muscle
•Brain

Answer 25

No Yes Yes Yes No NoNo
Yes Yes No No No No No
Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Question 26

Recommended Dietary Allowances depends on?

Answer 26

-Age, gender, and level of physical activity
-Increased in pregnancy & lactation
-minimum required to prevent symptoms & signs of deficiency

Question 27

After a routine physical exam and blood work, a woman with a normal weight for her height was advised that her lipid profile showed an elevation of blood triglycerides. The doctor advises the patient to lower fat consumption which disappoints her since she avidly consumes whole milk.

The woman consults a nutritionist, who states that whole milk is 3.5% fat, which corresponds to approximately 11 g of fat in 250ml serving . If she switches to drinking skim milk (nonfat), approximately how many additional grams of carbohydrates should she consume to make up for the loss of fat in the 250ml serving?

Question 28

•Carbohydrate stores for immediate use as

Answer 28

Glycogen

Question 29

Carbohydrate stores for long term in?

Answer 29

Adipose tissue as lipid

Question 30

In which case muscle protein can be be converted to carb

Answer 30

As last option

Question 31

Obesity

Answer 31

A major potentially preventable cause of death in developed world

Question 32

A major potentially preventable cause of death in developing world

Answer 32

Malnutrition

Question 33

What are the two types of Protein energy malunion (PEM) in children:

Answer 33

Marasmus and kwashiokor

Question 34

What is marasmus

Answer 34

is the type of protein-energy malnutrition most commonly seen in children under the age of 5, due to low calorie intake

Question 35

Kwashiorkor

Answer 35

occurs typically in a young child displaced from breastfeeding by a new baby and fed a diet with very low protein content

Question 36

5 steps of MUST

Answer 36

• BMI score
  -weight loss score
  -acute disease effect score
  -risk of malnutrition
  -local community management guideline