Session 1 Flashcards
What is public health?
The art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health, through the organised efforts of society.
What are the 4 values of public health?
Health as a right.
Health equity.
Inclusiveness.
Empowerment.
What are the determinants of health?
1) Age, sex, genetics.
2) Lifestyle factors - whether they partake in health promoting or damaging behaviour.
3) Social and community networks.
4) Living and working conditions - education, housing, employment, food and water, healthcare services.
5) Socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions.
What is health inequality?
The differences between groups of people, based on their health status, due to social aspects.
What is inverse care law?
People that require healthcare services the most are least likely to have insufficient access for it.
What are the 3 domains of public health?
Health improvement.
Health protection.
Healthcare and public health.
What are some domains of health improvement offered?
Smoking cessation services.
Sexual health services.
Mental health services.
Substance misuse services.
Weight management services.
What is health protection, and some examples?
The prevention of development of diseases:
- Vaccines.
- Washing hands.
- Talking about problems.
What does healthcare public health look at?
Prioritisation of those that require healthcare the most.
Service design.
Supporting evidence based medicine.
Evaluation and research.
What is evidence based medicine?
The use of current-best medicine, in the required situations - determined by the best treatment with fewest side effects.
It is defined as the process of turning a clinical problem into a question and then systematically appraising research to find evidence of the best treatment for a specific patient.
What does PICO stand for?
Population.
Intervention.
Control/ comparison.
Outcome.
Explain why the biopsychosocial model is important in modern medicine, compared to the biomedical model.
The biopsychosocial model describes health and illness as complex and emerges from an interplay of biological (e.g.: genetics, physiology), psychological (e.g.: cognition, emotion) and social (e.g.: social class, employment) factors.
The biomedical model only acknowledges the biological causes for a disease, and does not include the social and psychological factors.
Describe the psychological, behavioural and social factors that can contribute to the development of a disease.
Psychological = stress, cognition and emotion.
Behavioural = the choices that somebody makes.
Social = the support that a person receives, their living conditions, socioeconomic status, and employment status.
