Session #04 Flashcards
Acrophobia
(n): extreme or irrational fear of heights
Ornithophobia
(n): an abnormal and persistent fear of birds
Initiative
(n) : an act or strategy intended to resolve a difficulty or improve a situation; a fresh approach to something
e. g. a new initiative against car crime
Emission
(n): the production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation = outpouring, discharge
Depletion
(n): reduction in the number or quantity of something
deplete (v)
e.g. the depletion of ozone layer
Conserve
(v): to use as little of something as possible so that it lasts a long time
conservation (n)
e.g. help to conserve energy by insulating your home
Sustainable
(adj) : 1. involving the use of natural products and energy in a way that does not harm the environment
2. that can continue or be continued for a long time
e. g. 1. sustainable forest management
2. sustainable economic growth
Maintain
(v): 1. to make sth continue at the same level, standard, etc = preserve
2. to keep a building, a machine, etc. in good condition by checking or repairing it regularly
3. to keep stating that sth is true, even though other people do not agree or do not believe it = insist
4. to support sb/sth over a long period of time by giving money, paying for food, etc.
maintenance (n)
e. g. 1. the two countries have always maintained close relations
2. the house is large and difficult to maintain
3. she has always maintained her innocence
4. her income was barely enough to maintain a child, let alone three
Escalate
(v): 1. increase rapidly
2. make or become more intense or serious
escalating (adj)
Outline
(v) : 1. draw, trace or define the outer edge or shape of
2. give a summary of
Embrace
(v): 1. hold (someone) closely in one’s arms, especially as a sign of affection
2. accept (a belief, theory or change) willingly and enthusiastically
3. include or contain (something) as a constituent part
embrace (n)
Constituent
(adj): being a part of a whole
constituent (n)
Deploy
(v) : 1. bring into effective action
2. move (troops or equipment) into position for military action
Showcase
(v) : exhibit, display
(n) : a glass case used for displaying articles in a shop or museum
Grim
(adj) : 1. very serious or gloomy
2. depressing or worrying to consider
e.g. the grim news of the murder
Pile-up
an accumulation of a specified thing
Spur
(v): urge (a horse) forward by digging one’s spurs into its sides
Municipal
(adj): relating to a town or district or its governing body
Perceive
(v) : 1. become aware or conscious of (something)
2. come to realize or understand
3. interpret or regard (someone or something) in a particular way
Veteran
(n) : 1. a person who has had long experience in a particular field
2. an ex-member of the armed forces
Pedantic
(adj) : 1. too worried about small details or rules
2. focusing too much on the small details or formal rules
Pedant
(n): a person who is too concerned with small details or rules especially when learning or teaching
pedantry (n)
Hierarchy
(n): a way of organizing people according to their importance
Contempt
(n): a dislike or lack of respect for someone or something
contemptible (adj)
Civility
(n) : polite behaviour
e. g. staff members are trained to treat costumers with civility at all times
Stagnation
(n): staying the same and not developing
Stagnant
(adj) : 1. water or air is not moving and therefor smells unpleasant
2. not developing, growing or changing = static
Stagnate
(v): to stop developing or making progress
Compromise
(n): an agreement made between two people or groups in which each side gives up some of the thing they want that both sides are happy at the end
Compromise
(v): to give up some of your demands after a disagreement with sb, in order to reach an agreement
Intent
(adj): showing strong interest and attention
Solitude
(n): being lonely
Prolonged
(adj): continuing for a long time
Prolong
(v): to make sth last longer = extend
Hut
(n): a small, simply built house or shelter
Strive
(v) : to try very hard to achieve sth
e. g. we encourage all members to strive for the highest standards
Integrated
(adj) : in which many different parts are closely connected and work successfully together
e. g. an integrated transport system
Aesthetic
(adj): concerned with beauty and art and the understanding of beautiful things
