Sesh 8.2 Neoplasia 2 Flashcards
What does the stage of a tumour indicate?
Tumour burden including the size of the primary and how far it has spread.
What are the steps required for tumour metastasis?
- Growth at primary site and invasion
2 . Transport and lodge at distant site - Growth at secondary site- colonisation
What are the 3 things required for tumour invasion?
- Altered adhesion- to each other and stromal proteins
- Stromal proteolysis
- Altered motility
What components are involved in a cancer niche?
Fibroblasts
Endothelial cells
Inflammatory cells
Stroma
What is transcoelomic spread?
Spread of malignant neoplastic cells via fluid in body cavities e.g. Pleural, peritoneal, pericardial and brain ventricles.
What is the biggest barrier to successful metastasis?
Colonisation- growth at secondary site.
What are micrometastases?
Surviving microscopic deposits of malignant neoplasms that fail to grow at the secondary site and are undetectable.
Can relapse due to growth caused by a change in the local environment.
What does the site of the secondary neoplasm depend on?
- Regional drainage- e.g. Next capillary bed, draining lymph nodes
- Seed and soil phenomenon- unpredictable spread due to interactions betw cancer cells and niche
Carcinomas usually spread via _______ first.
Lymph
Sarcomas usually spread via ________.
Blood.
What are the 4 common sites of blood-borne metastases?
Lung, liver, brain, bone.
Why is prostate metastasis to bone unique?
Has an osteosclerotic effect rather than an osteolytic effect.
What is the likelihood of metastasis related to?
Size of primary neoplasm and ‘personality’ of the neoplasm e.g. Basal cell carcinoma of skin rarely metastasise.
What are the local effects of neoplasms related to?
Direct pressure
What type of neoplasm is a carcinoma?
Epithelial.
