(Services & Settlements) Key Issue 4 Flashcards
Rural Settlements are usually distributed in what 2 ways?
Clustered and Dispersed
Describe Clustered Rural Settlements
An Agricultual based community where farmers and families live in close proximty to each other with a feild surrounding them, houses and farm buildings
Each person living their is givven there own strip of land
Describe Dispersed Rural Settements
Farmers living on indivisual farms isloated from their neighbors
What Consumer Services do they have on Clustered Rural Settlements?
Religous structures
Schools
Shops
also some public and business service present
WHat 2 types of patterns are clusterd Rural Settlements are often arranged in?
Circular + Linear
Describe the Circular Clustered Rural Settlements Build
Circle shaped obviously and has a central open space surrounded by structures (built like a doughnut)
What Region is an example that uses the Circular Clusted rural settlement pattern?
Sub-Saharan Africa
(Built by the Maasi people who were pastoral nomads and they called the circular settlements** Kraal)**
* Usually women constructed it
there live stock was placed in the center surrounded by a ring of houses
Describe the Linear Clustered Rural Settlement
Buildings clustered next to roads or rivers to facilitate communication (since they all lived isolated)
Feilds extend all the way behind the building in long skinny strips
Long lot Farms can be seen along the St. Lawrence River in Quebec
How did the concept Clustered Rural Settlements orginate?
It was charatistics of colonial New England
(new england colonist travled from england as a group and lived close togehter to reinforce common cultural and religous values!
In Modern society the New England Landscape contains pieces of the old
How did the concept Dispersed Rural Settlements orginate?
Developed from the time of Mid-Atlantic Colonies
(During this time immigrants to these colonies arrived sepratley not as a cohesive group. then people moved westward and perfered indivisual farms
plus land was available and cheap so people bought a lot
In Europe why did they convert Clustered Rural Settlements into Dispersed Rural Settlements?
To Make Agrucualtal more efficient!
* clustered rural settlements worked when the popualtion was low and had no land to meet the rise of the growing population
(thats why they did it)
What is the Enclosure Movement?
(From UK)
The Consolidation of individually owned strips of land surrounding villages into farms owned by single indivisuals
(goveremnts forced farmers to give up their holding. So displaced Farmers moved to urban settlements and the clustered rural settlement population dropped then the enclosure movement and the industial revoultion coincided causing displaced farmers and villagers to become workers in urban factories)
Where did Settlements orginate and diffuse?
In Mesopotamia and diffused to the west in egypt the east to china and to the south to the south asia’s indus valley
Services in settlements probaly orginated to provide consumer and public
Why would the Early Consumer Services be established in early settlements
There permant settlemnts have been established To offer Consumer services like places to bury the dead. Once finding a place to bury people this encourages the intall of a priest to preform services for the dead then with encourages the builing of places for cermonies!
Why would the Early Business Services be established in early settlements?
Early urban settlemtns were places where group sold slurpus food and trade with other groups. zpeople brought material to the settlement and exchanged for another groups. To faciltate trades, officials in this settlement had to set fair prices and create currency.
Why would the Early Business Services be established in early settlements?
Early settlements Housed politacal leaders and defence forces to guard residents of the settlements to defend surrunding hinderland from seizure
Describe Ancient Urban settlements
- settlements were first established in eastern mediteranean
- Settlements were trading centers for islands dotting the Aegan Sea and the eastern Mediteranean + provided goverment and military protection & other for the surrounding hinderlands
- organized into City-States
- Settlements were placed to house families so men can go look for food faster and far away while Women kept “home and hearth” making house objects +educating the children
- People needed material to survive like clothing and tools so they manfacturing centers at the settlements. Men gather the materials needed to make the objects and Women made them
How did the Rise of the Roman Empire encourage urban settlement?
- Rome reignd over many territoies and settlements were establish as centers of adminstration , military + (other public services)
- Trade was encouraged throught transportation and utility services
Rome was the worlds most populus city 2,000 yers ago
