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AWS CSA (2021) > Serverless > Flashcards

Serverless Flashcards

1
Q

What does AWS X-Ray do?

A

it allows you to scan Lambda architecture and debug issues with AWS Lambda

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2
Q

Does AWS Lambda scale out automatically?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Does AWS Lambda scale up automatically?

A

No

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4
Q

Can an AWS Lambda function trigger another AWS Lambda Function?

A

No

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5
Q

What does SAM stand for?

A

Serverless Application Model

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6
Q

What is AWS SAM?

A

A superset of Cloudformation functionality that allows you to run serverless applications locally

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7
Q

What does ECS stand for?

A

Elastic Container Service

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8
Q

What is a container?

A

A container is a package with an application, libraries, runtime, and the tools required to run it

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9
Q

What are the benefits of using containers?

A
  • Containers provide isolation benefits of virtualization with less overhead and faster start times than VMs
  • Containers are portable, and offer a consistent environment
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10
Q

At a high level, what does ECS do?

A
  • ECS is a managed container orchestration service
  • It creates clusters to manage fleets of container deployments
  • Schedules containers for optimized placement within a cluster
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11
Q

What is the pricing structure of ECS?

A

ECS is free

(although the EC2/Fargate instances that you spin up in it have standard charges)

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12
Q

In the context of ECS, What is a cluster?

A

In ECS, A cluster is a logical connection of ECS resources

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13
Q

In the context of ECS, what is the difference between a task definition and a container definition?

A
  • A task definition defines your application (think Dockerfile but for ECS)
  • A container definition defines the individual containers a task uses (think CPU, malloc, port mappings)
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14
Q

Suppose you have two containers that always need to run together. How would you ensure this in ECS?

A

put their container definitions under the same task definition

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15
Q

In the context of ECS, what is a task?

A

A single running copy of any containers defined in a task definition

(One working copy of your application)

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16
Q

In the context of ECS, what is a service?

A

A service allows task definitions to scale by adding tasks.

Sets a min/max number of tasks that varies with autoscaling

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17
Q

In the context of ECS, what is a registry?

A

storage for container images

Used to download images to create containers

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18
Q

At a high level, what is Fargate?

A

Fargate is a serverless container engine

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19
Q

What is the pricing structure for Fargate?

A

You specify and pay for resources per application

20
Q

In what instances would you use EC2 instances instead of Fargate?

A
  • Strict compliance requirements
  • Your use case requires broader customization (since you can’t actually get in to the Fargate instance)
  • Your use case requires GPUs
21
Q

What does EKS stand for?

A

Elastic Kubernetes Service

22
Q

What does K8s stand for?

A

Kubernetes

23
Q

At a high level, what is Kubernetes?

A

Kubernetes is an open-source software that lets you deploy and manage containerized applications at scale

24
Q

In the context of EKS, what is a pod?

A

In EKS, containers are grouped into pods

It is roughly analagous to a task in ECS

25
Q

What is the use case for EKS?

A
  • You are already using Kubernetes and want to migrate to AWS
26
Q

What does ECR stand for?

A

Elastic Container Registry

27
Q

How does ECR ensure high availability?

A

It is deployed across multiple AZs within a region

28
Q

What is the price structure of ECR?

A

With ECR, you pay for storage and data transfer

29
Q

At a high level, what is ECR?

A

ECR is a managed Docker container registry

30
Q

How does ECS benefit from ELB?

A

with ELB, you can distribute traffic evenly across tasks in your service

31
Q

What is the difference between EC2 Instance Roles and Task Roles?

A
  • An EC2 Instance Role applies a policy to all tasks running in that EC2 instance
  • A Task Role only applies to that task

So, Task Roles respect Least Priviledges better than EC2 instance Roles

32
Q

When configruing SQS as event source for AWS Lambda function, what is the maximum batch size supported by AWS SQS RecieveMessage API call?

A

10

33
Q

What Amazon CloudFront events can be used to trigger a Lambda Function?

A
  • Viewer Request
  • Viewer Response
  • Origin Request
  • Origin Response

(Source: https://github.cloud.capitalone.com/puggles/deposits-accounts-bankcard-pin/blob/develop/settings.xml#L9)

34
Q

Suppose you change code and upload a new version of code to an AWS Lambda Function. What will happen to requests sent immediately after the code change?

A

For a brief period (usually less than one minute) requests might be served by either the old or new version

35
Q

What poll-based services are supported by AWS Lambda?

A
  • Kinesis
  • DynamoDB
  • SQS

(Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/lambda-invocation.html?shortFooter=true%23streaming-event-source-mapping)

36
Q

What are the limitations on what memory can be allocated to an AWS Lambda Function?

A

128MB to 3008MB, in increments of 64 MBs

(Source: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/gettingstarted-limits.html)

37
Q

Are Lambda environment variables automatically encrypted?

A

They are encrypted when deployed, and decrypted when invoked (so your code can use them)

38
Q

What actions are required by Lambda Execution Role in order to write logs in CloudWatch?

A
  • CreateLogGroup
  • CreateLogStream
  • PutLogEvents
39
Q

When a lambda is synchronously invoked and errors, what is returned?

A

A 200 status code

A FunctionError field in the response

40
Q

What is the pricing model for AWS Lambda?

A
  • Requests (per million)
  • Total Duration and Hardware (per GB-s)
41
Q

In the context of ECS, what is a task definition?

A

A JSON template that describes containers which form your application

42
Q

What are the key features offered by ECS?

A
  • Containers and Images
  • Task Definitions
  • Tasks and Scheduling
  • Clusters
  • Container Agent
43
Q

Can you add additional security capabailities to your ECS containers?

A

Yes, you have root access to the OS of your container instances

44
Q

What should you do for monitoring and alerting with ECS?

A

Utilize CloudTrail**

45
Q

Can Lambda be used for monitoring?

A

No

46
Q

How do ECS clusters get permissions to access your AWS resources?

A

They use container instance roles in IAM

AWS CSA (2021) (53 decks)

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