Serum Chemistry Flashcards
Glucose D7
Artifact
neonatal/juvenile
Liver failure/dz
Sepsis
Insulinoma
Addison’s
Toxin (xylitol)
glucose i5
Stress
DM
Pancreatitis
Cushing’s
Drugs (glucocorticoids)
Creatinine d2 (2 things cause false decrease)
Decreased muscle mass
Hyperthyroidism
creatinine i3
Pre-renal (dehydration, hypovolemia, addison’s)
Renal (CKD, inflam/infectious, neoplasia, ischemic, neoplasia, amyloidosis)
Post-renal (obstruction, rupture)
BUN d4
Low protein diet
PU/PD (DM, Cushing’s)
Liver dz (PSS, cirrhosis)
Drugs (corticosteroids -> diuresis)
BUN i5
Recent high protein meal
GI bleeding (digested blood is source of BUN)
Pre-renal
Renal
Post-renal
phosphorus d4
Artifact (icterus)
Increased urinary excretion (DM, hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia of malignancy)
Translocation (insulin, bicarb)
Defective bone mobilization (eclampsia)
phosphorus i4
Artifact (hemolysis in vitro)
Decreased GFR
Growing animals
Hypoparathyroidism
calcium d6
Low albumin
CKD
Acute pancreatitis
Hypoparathyroidism
Eclampsia
Ethylene glycol toxicity
calcium i7
Idiopathic (cat)
Neoplasia (lymphoma, MM, anal gland, thymoma)
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Kidney disease (uncommon)
Addison’s
Granulomatous inflammation (fungal)
Toxin (vitamin D rodenticide)
sodium d4
GI loss (diarrhea, vomiting)
Renal loss (diuretics)
DM
Addison’s
sodium i3
GI water loss (vomiting, diarrhea)
Pure water loss (fever, panting, hyperventilation, hyperthermia)
Decreased water intake
potassium d5
Decreased intake
CKD (cats)
Renal loss (diuresis, post-obstructive diuresis)
GI loss (vomiting, diarrhea)
Translocation (insulin/glucose)
potassium i4
artifact (delayed serum separation)
AKI
Urinary obstruction/rupture
Addison’s
TP d6
malabsorption/nutrition
Liver failure
Hemorrhage
PLN
PLE
EPI
TP i4
Dehydration
Chronic inflammation
Infection (viral (FIP), rickettsial (ehrlichiosis), chronic bacterial)
Neoplasia (MM, some lymphoma)
albumin d10
Liver disease
maldigestion(EPI)
Malabsorption (IBD, neoplasia, lymphangiectasia)
Malnutrition
Inflammation (negative acute phase)
Hemorrhage
PLN
PLE
Addison’s
Excessive IV fluids
albumin i1
hemoconcentration
globulin d4
Hemorrhage
PLE
malabsorption
EPI
globulin i4
Hemoconcentration
Inflammation
Infection (bacterial, viral (FIP), fungal, rickettsial (ehrlichiosis), protozoal)
Neoplasia (MM, some lymphomas)
ALT/AST di
Rarely clinically significant
End stage liver disease
ALT/AST i7broad
Inflammatory (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, pancreatitis)
Infectious (cholangiohepatitis, lepto, FIP, histo, infectious canine hepatitis)
Toxic (NSAIDS, phenobarb, steroids, methimazole)
Liver hypoxia (anemia, CHF, shock)
Metabolic (hyperT4, hepatic lipidosis, cushing’s, DKA/DM)
Neoplasia
Trauma
bilirubin d not significant
bilirubin i3
Pre-hepatic (hemolysis: IMHA, zinc/onion, parasites)
Hepatic: same as ALT basically
Post-hepatic (cholestatic): same as ALP basically
cholesterol d4
Decreased production (cirrhosis, PSS)
Decreased absorption (low fat diet, severe SI dz)
Increased loss (lymphangiectasia)
Addison’s
cholesterol i5
Post-prandial
Metabolic: hypothyroidism, DM, cushing’s
Pancreatitis
Nephrotic syndrome/PLN
Drugs: steroids
