Serology

Question 1

Serology

Answer 1

detection, classification, and study of bodily fluids (blood, saliva, crap, semen, etc)

Question 2

Function of Blood

Answer 2

delivers oxygen and nutrients through the body and into cells. It protects and detoxifies.

Question 3

Blood is ___ % of our body weight

Answer 3

8

Question 4

_ to _ L in males

Answer 4

5 to 6

Question 5

_ to _ L in females

Answer 5

4 to 5

Question 6

losing __ % of blood or __ L means bleeding out or irreversible shock/death- AKA incapacitation

Answer 6

40% or 1.5 L

Question 7

Blood is ___ and ___

Answer 7

plasma and cells

Question 8

Plasma is 90% ___ and 10% ____

Answer 8

water and nutrients- vitamins, proteins, hormones, clotting factors, and antibodies (immunoglobulins)

Question 9

plasma is ___% of blood volume

Answer 9

55

Question 10

Plasma contains ___ which combines with ___ to make ____ which ___

Answer 10

fibrinogen, thrombin, fibrin, clots the blood

Question 11

Serum is the liquid part that separates from ____. It does not include ___.

Answer 11

plasma; clotting factors

Question 12

Cellular portion of blood includes RBCs or ____, WBCs or ___, and platelets or ____.

Answer 12

erythrocytes; leukocytes; thrombocytes

Question 13

RBCs are ___% of blood

Answer 13

45

Question 14

measured percentage of RBCs is called

Answer 14

hematocrit

Question 15

RBCs are _____ ______ shaped and ____.

Answer 15

biconclave disc and flat

Question 16

RBCs have no nucleus because it gets extruded when it matures. T or F

Answer 16

T

Question 17

RBCs can ____ w/out _____.

Answer 17

change shape w/out breaking

Question 18

RBCs move ____ through capillaries and contain ____.

Answer 18

single file and hemoglobin

Question 19

hemoglobin -

Answer 19

binds to oxygen and facilitates its movement throughout RB cells

Question 20

RBCs have ____ on the surface

Answer 20

antigens

Question 21

White blood cells are part of the ___ system and are ___ to ___ k per mm3 blood

Answer 21

immune, 4 to 10 k

Question 22

High WBC means

Answer 22

infection is present

Question 23

Platelets help blood ____ by forming a _____ ______ when it meets clotting factors. There is ____ to _____k per mm3 of blood.

Answer 23

clot; platelet plug; 150 to 300

Question 24

Presumptive testing for blood pros-

Answer 24

low cost, quick, easy, sensitive test, colorimetric, performed at lab or crime scene

Question 25

Presumptive testing cons-

Answer 25

subject to false positives and will detect animal blood

Question 26

Kastle-Meyer Test- a positive test for _____ is ___. Tested with ____ and ____. Subject to false positives in presence of vegetables like ____ and ___.

Answer 26

hemoglobin is deep pink. Phenolphthalein and hydrogen peroxide. Horseradish and potatoes.

Question 27

Hematix test ___ in ___. ____ means yes there is blood. 1. ____ the _____ pod 2. Run ____ on potential _____ stain Good for comparisons to ____ chart ____ quick field test Unfortunately will test for other ____

Answer 27

Blood in urine; Green; moisten dipstick pod on potential blood stain Good quick field test color chart animals

Question 28

Luminol reacts with ___ in _____ electrons go from ___ to ____state when molecules return to ground state emit ___ nm

Answer 28

fe in hemoglobin ground to excited photon at 425 nm can be made at home!

Question 29

Bluestar pros-

Answer 29

Sensitive 10 mil to 1 dilution of blood Unseen patterns and stain detection Work on old stains or even attempted clean ups Does not interfere with DNA testing Longer shelf life No matter how many times u spray it will be as bright as the first time

Question 30

Bluestar cons-

Answer 30

Expensive Must do quickly or reapply Bleach and fe containing substances lead to false positives

Question 31

Precipitin test-

Answer 31

human blood into rats and then rat will make antibodies and then extrude antiserum or "moncolocal antibodies" if crime scene blood and rat blood forms precipitate aka agulation, yk what type blood it is

Question 32

Pros of precipitin test

Answer 32

Very sensitive and requires only a small sample Works on samples that are 10/15 yrs old Even in washed items blood may be detected

Question 33

antigen

Answer 33

protein that triggers an immune response to make antibodies

Question 34

Immunoassay

Answer 34

Antibodies to bind with antigens in a specimen to identify their presence

Question 35

Karl Landsteiner year, system, # of dif blood factors known, wins ____ 29 yrs later

Answer 35

1901, ABO, 100, peace prize

Question 36

O blood has

Answer 36

no A or B antigens but potentially Rh

Question 37

Blood stain pattern shows 1. ___ from source to patterns 2. ____ from which blood impacted 3. ___ droplet was traveling 4. ____ of point of origin 5. ____of blows 6. ____ of bleeding individual

Answer 37

distance, direction, speed, location, number, movement

Question 38

Purpose of blood spatter is

Answer 38

Confirm or deny statements made by witnesses, suspects, or victims

Question 39

Viscosity:

Answer 39

resistance of fluids to flow (syrup vs water)

Question 40

Surface tension:

Answer 40

resistance to seperate by liquid caused by intermolecular attractions

Question 41

Passive blood stains

Answer 41

gravity has had its effect (drops, flows, pools)

Question 42

Transfer:

Answer 42

result from object coming into contact with existing bloodstains leaving wipes, swipes, or pattern transfers

Question 43

projected/active blood stains

Answer 43

spatter, cast off, gush, arterial spurts

Question 44

4 factors that affect a spatter pattern

Answer 44

height vs diameter angle of impact velocity surface texture

Question 45

Void

Answer 45

absence of bloodstain in otherwise continuous pattern

Question 46

Low velocity impact

Answer 46

5ft/sec, blunt object 4mm and greater stains

Question 47

Medium velocity

Answer 47

5/35ft/sec 1 to 4mm stain from stabbing or beating

Question 48

high velocity

Answer 48

100ft/sec, 1mm or smaller (mist like), gun shot

Question 49

Directionality of blood spatter

Answer 49

tail points in direction of travel

Question 50

cast-off

Answer 50

blood is thrown from an object

Question 51

back spatter

Answer 51

blood directed back towards the force of spatter

Question 52

Expiratory Blood:

Answer 52

high velocity from air pressure nose, mouth, wound

Question 53

Arterial Spurting/Gushing:

Answer 53

Blood stain patterns from pressure of breached artery, each spurt is a beat of the heart, 2lbs/in2

Question 54

point of convergence

Answer 54

point at where angle of all blood stains meet, can be located through 3d model stringing

Question 55

Angle of impact

Answer 55

arcsin (w/l)