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Forensics > Serology > Flashcards

Serology Flashcards

1
Q

Serology

A

detection, classification, and study of bodily fluids (blood, saliva, crap, semen, etc)

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2
Q

Function of Blood

A

delivers oxygen and nutrients through the body and into cells. It protects and detoxifies.

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3
Q

Blood is ___ % of our body weight

A

8

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4
Q

_ to _ L in males

A

5 to 6

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5
Q

_ to _ L in females

A

4 to 5

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6
Q

losing __ % of blood or __ L means bleeding out or irreversible shock/death- AKA incapacitation

A

40% or 1.5 L

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7
Q

Blood is ___ and ___

A

plasma and cells

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8
Q

Plasma is 90% ___ and 10% ____

A

water and nutrients- vitamins, proteins, hormones, clotting factors, and antibodies (immunoglobulins)

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9
Q

plasma is ___% of blood volume

A

55

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10
Q

Plasma contains ___ which combines with ___ to make ____ which ___

A

fibrinogen, thrombin, fibrin, clots the blood

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11
Q

Serum is the liquid part that separates from ____. It does not include ___.

A

plasma; clotting factors

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12
Q

Cellular portion of blood includes RBCs or ____, WBCs or ___, and platelets or ____.

A

erythrocytes; leukocytes; thrombocytes

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13
Q

RBCs are ___% of blood

A

45

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14
Q

measured percentage of RBCs is called

A

hematocrit

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15
Q

RBCs are _____ ______ shaped and ____.

A

biconclave disc and flat

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16
Q

RBCs have no nucleus because it gets extruded when it matures. T or F

A

T

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17
Q

RBCs can ____ w/out _____.

A

change shape w/out breaking

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18
Q

RBCs move ____ through capillaries and contain ____.

A

single file and hemoglobin

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19
Q

hemoglobin -

A

binds to oxygen and facilitates its movement throughout RB cells

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20
Q

RBCs have ____ on the surface

A

antigens

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21
Q

White blood cells are part of the ___ system and are ___ to ___ k per mm3 blood

A

immune, 4 to 10 k

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22
Q

High WBC means

A

infection is present

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23
Q

Platelets help blood ____ by forming a _____ ______ when it meets clotting factors. There is ____ to _____k per mm3 of blood.

A

clot; platelet plug; 150 to 300

24
Q

Presumptive testing for blood pros-

A

low cost, quick, easy, sensitive test, colorimetric, performed at lab or crime scene

25
Q

Presumptive testing cons-

A

subject to false positives and will detect animal blood

26
Q

Kastle-Meyer Test- a positive test for _____ is ___. Tested with ____ and ____. Subject to false positives in presence of vegetables like ____ and ___.

A

hemoglobin is deep pink. Phenolphthalein and hydrogen peroxide. Horseradish and potatoes.

27
Q

Hematix test ___ in ___. ____ means yes there is blood.
1. ____ the _____ pod
2. Run ____ on potential _____ stain
Good for comparisons to ____ chart
____ quick field test
Unfortunately will test for other ____

A

Blood in urine; Green; moisten dipstick
pod on potential blood stain
Good quick field test
color chart
animals

28
Q

Luminol reacts with ___ in _____
electrons go from ___ to ____state
when molecules return to ground state emit ___ nm

A

fe in hemoglobin
ground to excited
photon at 425 nm
can be made at home!

29
Q

Bluestar pros-

A

Sensitive 10 mil to 1 dilution of blood
Unseen patterns and stain detection
Work on old stains or even attempted clean ups
Does not interfere with DNA testing
Longer shelf life
No matter how many times u spray it will be as bright as the first time

30
Q

Bluestar cons-

A

Expensive
Must do quickly or reapply
Bleach and fe containing substances lead to false positives

31
Q

Precipitin test-

A

human blood into rats and then rat will make antibodies and then extrude antiserum or “moncolocal antibodies”

if crime scene blood and rat blood forms precipitate aka agulation, yk what type blood it is

32
Q

Pros of precipitin test

A

Very sensitive and requires only a small sample
Works on samples that are 10/15 yrs old
Even in washed items blood may be detected

33
Q

antigen

A

protein that triggers an immune response to make antibodies

34
Q

Immunoassay

A

Antibodies to bind with antigens in a specimen to identify their presence

35
Q

Karl Landsteiner
year, system, # of dif blood factors known, wins ____ 29 yrs later

A

1901, ABO, 100, peace prize

36
Q

O blood has

A

no A or B antigens but potentially Rh

37
Q

Blood stain pattern shows
1. ___ from source to patterns
2. ____ from which blood impacted
3. ___ droplet was traveling
4. ____ of point of origin
5. ____of blows
6. ____ of bleeding individual

A

distance, direction, speed, location, number, movement

38
Q

Purpose of blood spatter is

A

Confirm or deny statements made by witnesses, suspects, or victims

39
Q

Viscosity:

A

resistance of fluids to flow (syrup vs water)

40
Q

Surface tension:

A

resistance to seperate by liquid caused by intermolecular attractions

41
Q

Passive blood stains

A

gravity has had its effect (drops, flows, pools)

42
Q

Transfer:

A

result from object coming into contact with existing bloodstains leaving wipes, swipes, or pattern transfers

43
Q

projected/active blood stains

A

spatter, cast off, gush, arterial spurts

44
Q

4 factors that affect a spatter pattern

A

height vs diameter
angle of impact
velocity
surface texture

45
Q

Void

A

absence of bloodstain in otherwise continuous pattern

46
Q

Low velocity impact

A

5ft/sec, blunt object 4mm and greater stains

47
Q

Medium velocity

A

5/35ft/sec 1 to 4mm stain from stabbing or beating

48
Q

high velocity

A

100ft/sec, 1mm or smaller (mist like), gun shot

49
Q

Directionality of blood spatter

A

tail points in direction of travel

50
Q

cast-off

A

blood is thrown from an object

51
Q

back spatter

A

blood directed back towards the force of spatter

52
Q

Expiratory Blood:

A

high velocity from air pressure
nose, mouth, wound

53
Q

Arterial Spurting/Gushing:

A

Blood stain patterns from pressure of breached artery, each spurt is a beat of the heart, 2lbs/in2

54
Q

point of convergence

A

point at where angle of all blood stains meet, can be located through 3d model stringing

55
Q

Angle of impact

A

arcsin (w/l)

Forensics (1 decks)

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